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equirement also shows a need for purposive action. Electricity generation, transmissionand distribution are estimated to require an investment of at least US$1 trillion. Thetotal energy sector investment could well amount to US$2 trillion, inclusive of relatedinfrastructure.4. Global investments need to be attracted – Such massive financial inputs can onlybe arranged through a new global financing regime based on the collaborative efforts ofgovernments, industry, multilateral financing agencies, FIIs, FDIs, external commercialinstitutions (banks) and domestic banks and financing institutions. This global regimewould be a dynamic mechanism that offers a win-win situation for all.5. The business needs to play an important role – While governments are accountablefor implementing the policies that drive sustainable reductions in GHG emissions, it isthe business – both in the public sector and in the private sector – that actually deliversthose reductions. The business requires greater certainty of cover for risk and liabilityassociated with making commercial investments in zero and low emission technologies.Understanding the constraints that will apply to GHG emissions in the future isfundamental to estimating the future demand for investment for zero- and low-emissiontechnologies.6. Funding support for R&D must be enhanced – The government should continuouslyfund and support low-carbon coal combustion technology development and deployment.There is an urgent need to scale up and expand funds for such technology developmentand innovation. This will require supportive policy framework for R&D and also interventionsthat facilitate adoption and absorption of new technologies. Promotion of venturecapital funds that take equity risk could contribute to successful commercialization ofinnovations.VBIBLIOGRAPHYErnst & Young Consulting, 2012. 2012 Attractiveness Survey, India Ready for theTransition. Available at http://emergingmarkets.ey.com/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/03/india-attractiveness-final-version1.pdf.Government of India, 2012. Economic Survey 2011-12.Ministry of Environment and Forests, 2010. India’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2007,Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Available at http://moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/Report_INCCA.pdf.Ministry of Power, Government of India, 2012. Report of the Working Group on Powerfor Twelfth Plan (2012-2017), Ministry of Power, Government of India.Planning Commission, Government of India, 2006. Integrated Energy Policy: Report ofthe Expert Committee. Available at http://www.planningcommission.nic.in.Planning Commission, Government of India, 2011. Climate Change & 12 th Five YearPlan, Report of Sub-group on Climate Change. Available at http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/committee/wrkgrp12/enf/wgsub_climate.pdfPlanning Commission, Government of India, 2011. Interim Report of the Export Groupon Low Carbon Strategies for Inclusive Growth. Available at http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/genrep/Inter_Exp.pdf.76