ANNEX III:AN OVERVIEW OF ADVANCED FOSSIL FUELTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAByProf. S.S. MurthyConsultant, APCTT-ESCAP &Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi, IndiaIndia's Integrated Energy Policy (IEP) of Planning Commission suggests several stepsto reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from current levels, although the country'sper capita emission level is just one-fourth of the world average (Table 3-1).Table 3-1: Selected emission data (2010)Country Population Per capita CO 2emission Total CO 2emissions(million) (tonnes/year) (tonnes/year)India 1,220 1.12 1,366China 1,352 5.34 7,222USA 311 18.65 5,801World 6,903 4.49 30,967For India to achieve universal energy access by 2030, additional generation supply willbe needed as shown in Figure 3-1.Figure 3-1: Additional power generation required368 TWh 470 TWhOn-grid generationOff-grid generationNote: Bulk of the presentation by Prof. S.S. Murthy is contained in the Baseline Report(page 33) and only the data not covered in the Baseline Report are given here.86
As on 31 July 2011, India’s installed generation capacity was 180,358 MW, withrenewable energy accounting for 18,455 MW. In 2009-10 alone, the country added9,585 MW. India’s generation mix is as in Table 3-2.Table 3-2: India's power generation mix (July 2011)Energy sourcePercentageThermal energy 64.28Hydro energy 23.13Nuclear energy 2.88Renewable energy sources 10.55In the year 2000, the total coal consumption in the world was 4,740 million tonnes. Ofthis, the Asia-Pacific region (including Japan) accounted for 44 per cent. In non-OECDcountries in Asia, especially China and India, coal will remain the dominant fuel. Indiahas embarked on a major plan to introduce supercritical combustion technologies toreduce GHG emissions. For the Indian power sector, the cost of CO 2mitigation wouldbe the lowest for co-generation and the highest for pressurized fluidized bed combustion(PFBC), as shown in Table 3-3.Table 3-3: Cost of CO 2mitigation options for India's power sectorPotential GHG emission Mitigation costtechnologies reduction (kg/kWh) (Rs/tonne CO 2)Co-generation 1.500 480Combined cycle 0.960 2,600PBFC 0.180 24,000IGCC 0.230 16,000Supercritical 0.180 16,000Coal washing 0.125 8,500(Source: ADP, 1998)Supercritical steam cycle technology has been in use for several years and is becomingthe system of choice for new commercial coal-fired plants in many countries, includingIndia. National agencies such as BHEL and NTPC are conducting R&D on supercriticaltechnology, focusing on certain areas as in the list below:• Materials and metallurgy for components of boiler and turbine subjected to hightemperature and high pressure;• Supercritical cycle optimization – incremental heat rate improvement;• Retrofit of supercritical boiler to sub-critical pulverized coal boiler;• Fluidized bed supercritical steam cycles; and• Multi-reheat supercritical boilers with double/triple reheater.Indian policies related to technology development in power generation technologiesare directed by certain facts and conditions that include:• In the move towards a low-carbon economy, technology has a vital role to play;87
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ADVANCES IN FOSSIL FUELTECHNOLOGIES
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ADVANCES IN FOSSIL FUELTECHNOLOGIES
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CONTENTSABBREVIATIONSiiiPART ONEREP
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ABBREVIATIONSAC : Alternating curre
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OECD : Organization for Economic Co
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IORGANIZATION OF THE WORKSHOPA. Bac
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D. Election of officersThe followin
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IIICONSIDERATION OF ISSUESA. Backgr
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emissions. Underground coal gasific
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800 MWe, a steam pressure of 300 kg
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• Materials development & manufac
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Figure 1-5: Strategy for commercial
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tonnes, the state-owned enterprise
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• Ensuring not just easy FDI entr
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MW ultra-supercritical units; and s
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the captive generation capacity) on
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and other financial institutions -
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and higher efficiency power generat
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energy technologies, which can enab
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• Such massive financial inputs c
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BASELINE REPORT ON FOSSIL FUEL TECH
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- Page 51 and 52: emissions, at least relative to sin
- Page 53 and 54: The Ministry of Power (MoP), which
- Page 55 and 56: 3. Bio-energyBio-energy, widely ava
- Page 57 and 58: in such a canal will rotate at a lo
- Page 59 and 60: in tackling climate change. A one p
- Page 61 and 62: Advantages of supercritical plants
- Page 63 and 64: existing power plants but also to b
- Page 65 and 66: BASELINE REPORT ON FOREIGN DIRECT I
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- Page 71 and 72: Table 2-5: Electricity generation t
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- Page 75 and 76: 3. Future challengesThe future chal
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- Page 85 and 86: cooperation will be essential in so
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- Page 90 and 91: ANNEX I:LIST OF PARTICIPANTSMr. A.K
- Page 92 and 93: Mr. S.C. Shrivastava, Joint Chief (
- Page 94 and 95: ANNEX II:PROGRAMME6 June 2012, Wedn
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- Page 112 and 113: ANNEX VII:GE ENERGY AND ADVANCED FO
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- Page 116 and 117: By 2035, cumulative CO 2emissions f
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- Page 120 and 121: Figure 3-20: New advanced coal powe
- Page 122 and 123: ANNEX X:ENERGY CONSERVATION: ERDA
- Page 124 and 125: Table 3-11: Energy cost and intensi
- Page 126 and 127: 300Figure 3-23: Trends in coal use
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- Page 130 and 131: ANNEX XII:FINANCING OF THE POWER SE
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