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energy technologies, which can enable the use of fossil energy resources, in particularcoal, for electricity generation in a manner that is compatible with climate changemitigation. In this context, a major challenge is to find ways to attract investmentsneeded for the deployment of advanced FFTs so that the shift to a low-carbon economycan be achieved through the transition to a more efficient electricity sector.In his valedictory address, Mr. R.V. Shahi, former Secretary, Ministry of Power,Government of India, emphasised that renewables cannot be the only solution forIndia’s growing power sector needs. The megawatt installed capacity of conventionalsources and of renewable sources differ in terms of the energy supply. Mostly, therenewable sources supply about 25 per cent of the energy for same megawatt installedcapacity.Coal will continue to be the major resource for electricity generation in India. Unfortunately,the quality of coal in India is very poor and its availability too is an issue. The countryneeds to find solutions to these problems.The heat rate for sub-critical and supercritical power plants differ but they also varywith the loading conditions of the power plant, and the advantage gained in supercriticalmay not be very pronounced in India’s operational conditions. Even when supercriticaltechnology is used, almost 60 per cent of the energy is being wasted. The challengefor the technologists is to find solutions for using the total energy content of coal.There are three key issues in India’s power sector development: we do not have thetechnology; we do not know to use the technology; and we are not allowed to use thetechnology. Looking to the West for technology will not bring a solution; instead majorcompanies like CIL, BHEL and NTPC should jointly take up the challenge and findsolutions.India has been criticised for slippages in installation of electricity generation capacity.It should be noted that despite the coal production remaining stagnant and fuel linkagesnot established, India could still add over 54,000 MW during the 11 th FYP.R&D funds have been created from cess on coal production and import. There isDeforestation Funds of Rs 150 billion (US$2.95 billion) and Transmission ConstraintFund of Rs 12 billion (US$235.90 million) raised for developing climate-friendlytechnologies. However, the utilization of these funds has still not been structured.Therefore, there is an urgent need for creating a policy framework to put all these fundsat one place and utilize them appropriately.While financing is always a challenge, it will never be a constraint in the growth ofIndia’s power sector if the country is able to fix technological, administrative and socialissues associated with this sector.Mr. Shahi said the current Workshop has given greater insight into the power sectorissues that need to be addressed and hoped that the baseline study being conductedby APCTT-ESCAP would effectively bring together all the issues involved.28