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StreamPro ADCP Operation ManualBeam Coordinates: Profile data is reported as referenced along each beam(i.e. no coordinate transformation is performed upon the raw data).Beam Spreading: The extent to which the main lobe of energy generatedby a transducer fans out, or spreads as an acoustic wave front, with distancefrom the transducer. This is proportional to λ/d where λ is the wavelengthof sound generated and d is the diameter of the transducer. Note: this iswhy ADCP transducer diameter increases with decreasing operating frequency(and increasing wavelength).Bin (Depth Cell): A measurement within a profile, generally equivalent to asingle-point current meter on a mooring.Bin Mapping (Depth Cell Mapping): When the ADCP is tilted; the measurementstaken at equal distances along each beam are no longer in thesame horizontal layer of water. For example, in the image below the tiltedADCP bins do not line up horizontally, they are offset by one bin. In thiscase the tilted ADCP will offset the bins on the “right” beam by one bin inorder to line them up horizontally with the bins on the “left” beam beforecombining the measurements to compute the velocity.Blank Zone: The area near the head of an ADCP in which no measurementsare taken. This is usually the minimum distance required to avoidcollecting data that is potentially contaminated by ringing, but is sometimesextended for other reasons (e.g. to begin measurement well beyond the flowinfluence of a mounting structure).Bottom Discharge: When using an ADCP to measure river discharge, it isnot possible to measure all the way to the bottom (due to sidelobe contaminationand the finite resolution of the depth cells). In order to get an accurateapproximation of the total discharge, the flow in this area must be estimatedand included, usually by extrapolating the measured velocities to thebottom using a power curve fit.Bottom Track: In moving platform applications where the bottom is withinrange of the ADCP or DVL, a special ping can be transmitted to measurethe Doppler shift of the signal return from the bottom. If the bottom is notmoving, this measurement is a very accurate measurement of the platformvelocity. For ADCPs this velocity is typically used to extract the true watervelocity profile from the measured velocity profile (by removing the vehiclemotion from the measurements). For DVLs, this IS the desired velocity.page 100Teledyne RD Instruments
StreamPro ADCP Operation ManualBottom Track Modes: There are currently four bottom tracking modes ofoperation available from TRDI:Bottom Mode 4: Uses ambiguity resolution, and adjusts lags for reducedvariance at higher elevations (or deeper depths).Bottom Mode 5: Specifically designed for reduced variance in shallowwater/low elevations. It transmits several pings with computationsto best determine depth and speed. This mode is the defaultmode, but it will automatically switch to Bottom Mode 4 if conditionswarrant.Bottom Mode 6: Offers special narrow bandwidth operation to reducethe potential for interference or for stealth. No ambiguity resolution,instead bottom mode 6 requires user input of an approximateoperating elevation (or depth).Bottom Mode 7: Similar to bottom mode 5, except that it is optimizedfor slow-moving platforms in very shallow, high backscatterenvironments.Break: A wake up command to an ADCP or DVL that places the instrumentin command mode.Broadband ADCP: An ADCP that uses broadband processing.Broadband Processing: Use of coded pulses to make multiple measurementsof phase with a single ping, and thereby greatly increase the precisionof the measurement.------ C ------Channel Master: Model name for an ADCP designed to use horizontalprofiling for flow monitoring in inland waterways.Command Mode: The state into which an ADCP or DVL goes upon receivinga break. In this mode the ADCP or DVL is waiting to receive a command.It draws relatively high power, so the ADCP or DVL will go to sleepif no command is received for five minutes.Correlation: A key quality control parameter, this is essentially a measurementof how much the particle distribution has changed between phasemeasurements. The less the distribution has changed, the higher the correlation,and the more precise the velocity measurement.------ D ------Dead Reckoning: A navigation method where position is estimated bymeasuring velocity, heading and time from the last known position.P/N 95B-6003-00 (February 2008) page 101
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