lifelong learning and distance higher education - Asia Pacific Region

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MacKnight, C. (2001). “Supporting critical thinking in interactive learningenvironments”, in Maddux, C. and Lamont Johnson, D. (eds.) The Web inHigher Education Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, pp.17-32.Mason, R. (1998) Globalising Education: Trends and Applications. London: Routledge.Moore, M. G. (1973). “Towards a theory of independent learning.” Journal of HigherEducation Vol. 44.Moore, M. G. and Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance Education: A Systems View Belmont,CA: Wadsworth Publishing.Moore, M. G. and Thompson, M. (1990). The Effects of Distance Education: A Summaryof the Literature. University Park, Penn.: American Centre for DistanceEducation.Murphy, D., Zhang, W. and Perris, K. (2003). Online learning in Asian OpenUniversities: resisting content imperialism? London: The Observatory onBorderless Higher Education.The Open Learning Agency. (1992). Lifelong Learning and Human ResourceDevelopment. Burnaby, B.C.: The Open Learning Agency.Paloff, R. and Pratt, K. (2001). Lessons from the Cyberspace Classroom San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.Rosenberg, M.J. (2001). e-Learning. New York: McGraw-Hill.Russell, T. L. (1999). No Significant Difference Phenomenon. Montgomery, AL:International Distance Education Certification Center.Ryan, Y. and Stedman, L. (2002).The Business of Borderless Education: 2001 UpdateCanberra: Commonwealth of Australia.Salmon, G. (2000). E-Moderating. London: Kogan Page.Scardamalia, M., and Bereiter, C. (1999). Schools as knowledge-building organizations,in Keating, D. and Hertzman, C. (eds.). Today’s Children, Tomorrow’s Society:The Developmental Health and Wealth of Nations. New York: Guilford (pp. 274-289).Schramm, W. (1974). Big Media, Little Media. San Francisco, CA: Sage.Senge, P. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the LearningOrganization. New York: DoubledayStrother, J. (2002). An assessment of the effectiveness of e-learning in corporate trainingprograms. International Review of Research in Open and Distance LearningVol. 3, No. 1.Tait, A. and Mills, R. (eds.). (2002). Rethinking Learner Support in Distance Education:Change and Continuity in an International Context. London: Routledge.Taylor, J. C. (1999). “Distance education: the fifth generation.” Proceedings of the 19thICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance education, Vienna,Austria.148
Twigg, C. (2001). Quality Assurance for Whom? Providers and Consumers in Today’sDistributed Learning Environment. Troy, NY: the Pew Learning and TechnologyProgram, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.Wiley, D. (ed.). (2002). The Instructional Use of Learning Objects. Bloomington, IN:Agency for Instructional Technology.Woodley, A. and McIntosh, N. (1980). The door stood open. An evaluation of the OpenUniversity younger student pilot scheme. Milton Keynes: Survey ResearchDepartment, Open University.THE CONTRIBUTORTony BatesPresident and CEO, Tony Bates Associates Ltd.Holder of Research Chair in e-Learning, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.E-mail: tony.bates@ubc.ca149
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PERSPECTIVES ONDISTANCE EDUCATIONLi
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The Commonwealth of Learning (COL)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIn addition to the
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These are some of the issues that a
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What are the trends and issues in l
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of policy implications relating to
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evince important differences that c
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inequitable regulations governing t
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associations and groups of countrie
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THE CONTRIBUTORChristopher McIntosh
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INTRODUCTIONIn his 1996 report to U
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Lastly, our analysis of the situati
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diploma or similar certificates of
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force of the undertaking. Here agai
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RELEVANT INTERNET SITESUNESCO Task
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Notes1. This phrasing has been used
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goals (Daniel, 1996). Lifelong lear
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eported that group activity had red
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NEW AREAS FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION:WO
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targets systematically for the use
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Rausch, A.S. (2003). A case study o
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correspondence teaching systems tha
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significant differences between syn
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In distance flexible- and blended-e
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STATE-FUNDED DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS ATUN
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Table 4.2: Fundable elements in dis
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sciences in 21 countries of the reg
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How a system is funded depends in p
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Litto, Fredric M. (2004). Digital l
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CHAPTER 5LIFELONG LEARNING IN THE A
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education, which was initiated by C
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So the virtual classroom acted as a
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In June 2002, when the course came
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RELEVANT INTERNET SITESFORCIIR proj
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11. The approximate rate for 1€ w
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The term modern distance education
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the National Networked Consortium f
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important resource for undeveloped
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standards have been proposed for th
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The development of e-learning withi
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RELEVANT INTERNET SITESCCRTVU Onlin
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MoE (2004b) The Notice on Running N
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CHAPTER 7QUALITY ASSURANCE SURVEYOF
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(Paris, France, 28-29 June 2004) in
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Examples of elaborated QA policies:
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plans and produces its conventional
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SHTVU (China)• Teaching• Teachi
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offers its programmes to Turkish ci
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mega universities apply a set of st
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RELEVANT INTERNET SITESThe Commonwe
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Page 109 and 110: RELEVANT INTERNET SITESHigher Educa
Page 111 and 112: CHAPTER 9THE FINNISH VIRTUAL UNIVER
Page 113 and 114: foreign providers. In Finland, the
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Page 125 and 126: CHAPTER 10PROMOTING CROSS-BORDERREC
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Page 129 and 130: indicators currently being used for
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Page 133 and 134: Table 9.1: Outline of the portfolio
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Page 137 and 138: CHAPTER 11CHARTING THE EVOLUTIONOF
Page 139 and 140: Another common characteristic was t
Page 141 and 142: the current capacity of the educati
Page 143 and 144: conditions for success. Conditions
Page 145 and 146: Cultural and ethical issues in inte
Page 147 and 148: the cost and maintenance of learnin
Page 149 and 150: Research can be a useful tool for c
Page 151: REFERENCESBates, A. (1995). Technol
Page 155 and 156: y, for example, entering into partn
Page 157 and 158: and even greater steps, and the dec
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