1 1 Symposium Chemosensory Receptors Satellite DEVELOPMENT ...

137 Poster Chemosensory Coding and ClinicalAN EXTENDED VERSION OF THE "SNIFFIN´ STICKS“Reden J. 1 , Mayer A. 1 , Hummel T. 1 1 University of Dresden MedicalSchool, Dresden, GermanyThe “Sniffin`Sticks” test-kit is a validated and commonly used tool tomeasure olfactory function in patients as well as in healthy subjects. Togain more detailed results the subtests on odor discrimination and odoridentification were extended, using 32 instead of the usually applied 16single tests each. The “new” test was applied to 110 subjects (60patients with olfactory loss / 50 healthy controls). In 55 of them testingwas performed again after a mean interval of 4 days. Results revealedsignificant differences between patients and healthy subjects. Testscores for the first 16 tests were not significantly different from thoseobtained for the second (newly added) 16 tests for both, odordiscrimination and odor identification. In addition, results for “old” andnewly parts of the tests exhibited good a correlation (discrimination:r110 = 0.78; identification: r110 = 0.81). Test-retest-reliability of firstand second session was very high for the complete TDI-score (r55 =0.92) and for each subtest (r55 = 0.83-0.94). In conclusion, the extendedtest kit allows a precise examination of olfactory function, especiallywhen different olfactory tasks are assessed using the individual subtests.Furthermore, the high test-retest-reliability allows to track evenrelatively small changes of olfactory function over time.138 Poster Chemosensory Coding and ClinicalEVALUATION OF US PATIENTS USING THE JAPANESEODOR STICK IDENTIFICATION TEST (OSIT-J)Kobayashi M. 1 , Reiter E.R. 2 , DiNardo L.J. 2 , Saito S. 3 , Kobayakawa T. 3 ,Deguchi Y. 4 , Costanzo R.M. 1 1 Physiology, Virginia CommonwealthUniversity, Richmond, VA; 2 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; 3 National Instituteof Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki,Japan; 4 Central Research Laboratory, Takasago InternationalCorporation, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, JapanThe Odor Stick Identification Test for Japanese (OSIT-J) has proveneffective when administered to control subjects in the United States(US). To determine if the OSIT-J is effective in assessing olfactoryfunction in patients, we administered the OSIT-J and a test frequentlyused in US clinics, the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical ResearchCenter (CCCRC) Test, to 50 US patients. We also obtained theiropinions regarding the two tests. Scores from both tests and patients´self-assessment were analyzed. Significant correlations were foundbetween the OSIT-J score and the composite score on the CCCRC test(rs = 0.802, p < 0.0001, n = 50) and patients´ self-assessment of theirolfactory function (rs = 0.734, p < 0.0001, n = 50). Overall US patientsreported that the OSIT-J was easier, more interesting, and the odorsused were more pleasant than in the CCCRC test. The average timerequired to administer the OSIT-J (8 ± 1 min) was significantly shorterthan that required for the standard CCCRC test (21 ± 6 min; p < 0.0001,n = 39). Findings suggest that the OSIT-J is an effective clinicalolfactory function test for use with US patients.139 Poster Chemosensory Coding and ClinicalADMINISTRATION OF THE “SNIFFIN´ STICKS” ODORIDENTIFICATION TESTS IN JAPANESE SUBJECTSIshimaru T. 1 , Ihara Y. 2 , Kobayashi M. 3 , Imanishi Y. 3 , Ishikawa M. 3 ,Kuroda H. 4 , Kuwahara D. 2 , Koizuka I. 4 , Hummel T. 51 Otorhinolaryngology, Nanto General Hosp, Toyama, Japan;2 Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama General Hosp, Kanagawa, Japan;3 Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mie University GraduateSchool of Medicine, Tsu, Japan; 4 Otorhinolaryngology, St. MariannaUniv School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan; 5 Otorhinolaryngology,Univ of Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, GermanyClinical olfactometry is not standardized like audiometry; severaldifferent tests have been developed in different countries. For example,the UPSIT is frequently used in the USA, “Sniffin´ Sticks” are used inmany European countries, and T&T olfactmetry (T&T) is common inJapan. Aim of the study was to investigate the usefulness of the“Sniffin´ Sticks” in Japanese subjects. T&T was also performed inparallel with the “Sniffin´ Sticks” on the subjects who consulted withcomplaints of smell disorder. Normosmic Japanese subjects (n = 105)were studied using the original and a modified “Sniffin´ Sticks” 12-itemodor identification test with soy sauce odor replacing the odor of cloveswhich is rarely known in Japan. Average scores with the standard andmodified “Sniffin´ Sticks” versions were 9.14 ± 1.46 and 9.39 ± 1.46,respectively (p < 0.01). The 50th percentile of the distribution of scoresof both tests was 9.0. The lowest identification scores for all odors wereobtained for liquorice (32%), leather (46%), and lemon (55%). Resultsfrom “T&T” correlated to results from the “Sniffin´ Sticks” (Spearmantest, n = 66, “T&T” detection threshold vs. “Sniffin´ Sticks”: rs = -0.51,p < 0.001; “T&T” recognition threshold vs. “Sniffin´ Sticks”: rs = -0.54,p < 0.001). In conclusion, the Japanese 50th percentile score (9.0) waslower than that obtained in Germany (11.0). When two or three odorsunfamiliar to Japanese people are replaced with more familiar ones,“Sniffin´ Sticks” will become a significant clinical test of olfactoryfunction in Japanese patients.140 Poster Chemosensory Coding and ClinicalA COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR SNIFF MEASUREMENTCONCURRENT WITH OLFACTORY TASKS IN HUMANSJohnson B.N. 1 , Russell C. 1 , Mainland J. 2 , Khan R.M. 2 , Sobel N. 21 Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA;2 Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CAAppreciation is growing for the role of the olfactomotor system,namely sniffing, in formation of the olfactory percept. To test theeffectiveness of various sniff measurement techniques, 16 subjectssmelled valeric acid (unpleasant), phenethyl alcohol (pleasant), andclean air (neutral) (10 sniffs each, counterbalanced in order, ISI = 30 s),while their sniffs were concurrently recorded. The measurement deviceswere pneumotachometer (spirometer), pressure sensor, temperaturesensor, and respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP). The spirometerand pressure sensors respond to the pressure differential created by theflowing air, and the temperature sensor to the heating and cooling effectof sniffed and exhaled air. The RIP measures thoracic and abdominalvolume. We examined the ability of each technique to measure odorantinducedchanges in sniffing behavior. We found that temperature hadthe highest statistical power, followed by the spirometer and pressure.Additionally, RIP failed to show the odorant-induced sniffingmodulation that was obvious when using the other techniques. Thetemperature temporal resolution was significantly worse thanspirometer and pressure. With the pressure or spirometer, we were ableto detect odorant-induced changes nearly 500 ms faster than with thetemperature data. Even though pressure showed the earliest odorantinducedsniff modulation, its front end (cannula) occasionally retreatedfrom the nares and failed to measure sniffs. Based on our findings werecommend using the spirometer or the pressure technique with acarefully secured cannula to determine odorant-induced changes in35