TROUBLED WATERS - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

Glossary136A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF MODERN WHALING ACTIVITIESACCOBAMSASCOBANSASWBlack powderBycatchCetaceaCITESCMSCold harpoonCommercialwhalingElectric lanceExertionalMyopathy (EM)Humane KillingAgreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea andContiguous Atlantic Area (Regional agreement under CMS)Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (Regionalagreement under CMS)Aboriginal Subsistence WhalingExplosive used in the grenade tip of the explosive harpoon (prior to the development of thepenthrite grenade harpoon).Takes of cetaceans in fishing nets, either incidental or directed.Order of wholly aquatic marine mammals including whales, dolphins and porpoises. Alsoreferred to as ‘cetaceans’.Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and FloraThe Convention on Migratory SpeciesAlso described as a non-explosive harpoon (i.e. with no grenade tip).In this review commercial whaling is the term used to refer to all whaling activities that areconducted for the purpose of commercial gain.Method used for applying electricity to cetaceans.Syndrome resulting from pursuit related stress.Defined by the 1980 Workshop on Humane Killing as causing death without pain, stress ordistress perceptible to the animal.IATAInternational Air Transport AssociationICRW International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (1946)IDRInstantaneous death rateIUCN The World Conservation UnionIWCInternational Whaling CommissionJARPA Japan’s Special Permit Whaling operation in Antarctica.JARPN Japan’s Special Permit Whaling operation in the North Pacific.LoseTo either ‘strike’ or ‘take’ but not to land.Morbidity The state of being diseased or the incidence of clinical cases of a disease within a givenpopulation.Mysticeti The ‘filter feeding’ whales, which use baleen plates hanging from the roofs of their mouths tofilter small prey species from mouthfuls of ocean water. Includes species such as; minke, sei,fin, bowhead and Bryde’s whales.Odontoceti The toothed cetaceans including all dolphins, porpoises, orca, sperm whales, beaked whales,narwhal and beluga.Penthrite Explosive used in the grenade of the penthrite grenade harpoon.SLRStruck and lost rateSpecial permitwhalingStrike (struck)TakeTTDUNUNCLOSUNEPWKMWhaling activities conducted under ‘special permit’ issued by the contracting government,also referred to as ‘scientific whaling’.The ICRW defines ‘strike’ as to ‘penetrate with a weapon used for whaling’.The ICRW defines ‘take’ as to ‘flag, buoy or make fast to a whale catcher’ – in this review‘take’ is also used to refer to the killing of small cetaceans.Time to deathUnited NationsUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaUnited Nations Environment ProgrammeWhale Killing Methods