TROUBLED WATERS - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

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Wijdicks E F M 2002. Brain death worldwide. Accepted fact but no global consensus in diagnostic criteria.Neurology 58: 20-5.Footnotes1 Norwegian quota is set at 711 for 2003.2 Japanese quota combined Japanese Antarctic Whaling Research Program (JARPA) and North Pacific WhalingResearch Program (JARPN).3 Immediately – The definition of ‘immediate’ is taken by whaling countries to mean ‘in less than 10 seconds’(times shorter than this being proposed as impossible to determine during the period immediately after theharpoon impact due to movement and splashing). In many documents, the phrase ‘instantaneous kill’ is used,but this terminology provides an inaccuracy at the heart of the language used when describing whaling, sincenot only is ‘instantaneous death’ not possible biologically (any large organism will take at least millisecondsfor neural activity to cease), but also impossible temporally as ‘instantaneous’ time is unmeasurable.4 Previous calls to refine the criteria for time to death determination – 1992 (IWC/44/18) in a report of theWorkshop on Whale Killing Methods (Item 9), 1995 (IWC/47/18) in Appendix 4 of the report of theWorkshop on Whale Killing Methods – action plan, 1995 (IWC/47/18) in Appendix 5, suggestions forresearch needs on whale killing, 1999 (IWC/51/WK15) a proposal for the study of the dying process aimedat improvement of the evaluation of killing methods, 1999 (IWC/51/WK12) – report on the Workshop onWhale Killing Methods.REVIEW OF CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING DEATH AND INSENSIBILITY IN CETACEA89
90A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF MODERN WHALING ACTIVITIES
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ForewordWhales are highly evolved a
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1 Executive SummaryThis review exam
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2 A background to whalingPhilippa B
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y the weapon’s enormous recoil, w
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Japan currently whales in the Antar
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Otto, K. 1997. Animal Pain Behaviou
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Protecting the welfare of animals i
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Toothed whales (Odontoceti)Toothed
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Social behaviourMother-calf pairsOn
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to store and pass on information to
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Communication in great whalesThe mo
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Self-awarenessOne of the most compe
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J.G.M. Thewissen), pp. 158-162. Aca
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Whitehead, H., Waters, S. and Lyrho
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humanitarian purposes the time take
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Welfare and the modern IWCFrom 1980
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1996 UK proposes guidelines for col
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Section TwoWhale killing6 Commercia
Page 44 and 45: Table 1 Commercial, special permit
Page 46 and 47: It can be argued that the figures f
Page 48 and 49: Since struck and lost whales can in
Page 50 and 51: equipment to Russian subsistence wh
Page 52 and 53: This is the time from the throwing
Page 54 and 55: Table 3 Aboriginal Subsistence Whal
Page 56 and 57: International Aid For Korean Animal
Page 58 and 59: 29 In Resolution 1999-1, the IWC no
Page 60 and 61: For example, Greenland and the Faro
Page 62 and 63: the past they made an important con
Page 64 and 65: however, has been made on the exten
Page 66 and 67: hunt indicate that the whales are s
Page 68 and 69: 8 Weather, sea condition and shipmo
Page 70 and 71: chance of fog decreases from 15 to
Page 72 and 73: experienced in December, or y could
Page 74: 9 The potential stress effects ofwh
Page 77 and 78: Both chase and pursuit cause stress
Page 79 and 80: and manifest in a series of lethal
Page 81 and 82: Ridgeway, S. H. (1966). Dall porpoi
Page 83 and 84: 10 Euthanasia of cetaceansPhilippa
Page 85 and 86: for the task. The correct target ar
Page 87 and 88: whales the size of minke whales (Ø
Page 89 and 90: 11 Review of criteria for determini
Page 91 and 92: It is apparent from Figure 1, that,
Page 93: interpreted criteria, comparisons o
Page 97 and 98: 12 A comparison betweenslaughterhou
Page 99 and 100: include levels of premature mortali
Page 101 and 102: the emphasis during some whaling op
Page 103 and 104: affect an immediate and thereby law
Page 105 and 106: Table 1 Animal welfare and the Sche
Page 107 and 108: CIWF Trust, 2002. Farm Assurance Sc
Page 109 and 110: 13 Ethics and whaling under special
Page 111 and 112: Table 1. Consideration of the 3Rs i
Page 113 and 114: skin samples, without the need for
Page 115 and 116: IWC (2001) Report of the Scientific
Page 117 and 118: Whales and the lawCetaceans (and wh
Page 119 and 120: scientific and technical committees
Page 121 and 122: ASCOBANS came into force in 1994. F
Page 123 and 124: The Treaty of the Panama Canal, ena
Page 125 and 126: 2 As a result, their need for prote
Page 127 and 128: law says, but also the extent to wh
Page 129 and 130: 15 Whaling and welfarePhilippa Brak
Page 131 and 132: commercial whaling. Times to death
Page 133 and 134: eath). Using the current criteria t
Page 135 and 136: possibility of establishing a simil
Page 137 and 138: international customary law and exi
Page 139 and 140: 16 Summary of conclusionsModern day
Page 141 and 142: Glossary136A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE
Page 143 and 144: 138A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICAT
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Appendix IIColour plates©Mark Voti
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142A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICAT
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Figure 13. Processing minke whales
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