TROUBLED WATERS - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 3 Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling 2000 to 2002 34Contracting Season Species Number IDR Average Max Numbergovernment killed (%) TTD TTD struck &(minutes) (minutes) lostRussianFederation(Chukotkahunt)UnitedStates(AlaskanInuit hunt)Greenland2000 Gray 35 113 57 130 2Bowhead 1 02001 Gray 35 112 43 87 0Bowhead 1 02002 Gray 35 131 32 56Bowhead 2 41 53 12000 Bowhead 35 122001 Bowhead 49 262002 Bowhead 39 1136Minke W 142 10.5 12 60 3372000 Minke E 10 0 40 120Fin 6 17 28 60 1Minke W 137 10 13.2 sec 120 22001 Minke E 14 0 19.1 sec 50 3Fin 7 0 19.9 sec 45 1COMMERCIAL AND ABORIGINAL SUBSISTENCE WHALING49Minke W 131 5.3 16 300 52002 Minke E 10 0 21 90 0Fin 13 7.7 9 25 0St Vincent& theGrenadines200020012002Key: Shaded Area – No data suppliedMinke W – minke whales killed in West GreenlandMinke E – minke whales killed in East GreenlandASW strike limitsThe IWC sets a ‘strike limit’ (i.e. the quota sets a maximum number of whales that may be struckwith a harpoon or shot) for the Alaskan bowhead and the West Greenland minke whale hunts. Forall the other ASW hunts, however, it sets a limit on the number of whales that may be landed. Thereappears to be no rationale for the difference, but it has significant implications for the Russian andGreenland hunts, which have high struck and lost rates: it means that ASW hunters can land themaximum number of gray, fin and East Greenland minke whales permitted in the IWC quota, butstrike and lose an unlimited number in addition. This has important welfare, as well as conservation,implications for Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling.
ConclusionA wide range of technology is used during both commercial and Aboriginal Subsistence Whalingoperations, with varying degrees of efficiency being apparent. However, scientific evaluation of thedata collected is hindered by a lack of consistency in reporting and the inadequacy of the currentIWC criteria for judging the onset of death.Factors relating to the species killed, such as its size, may greatly influence both the efficiency of anykilling method and the struck and lost rate. The prevalent use of secondary killing methods illustratesthe inadequacies of primary killing methods used and there are concerns that, in some hunts, the useof underpowered cartridges may be resulting in prolonged times to death. Furthermore, theinstantaneous death rate in all hunts falls well below the expectations for other animals killed forfood.During ASW hunts the lack of data, including on hunting conditions (such as weather) from thesehunts makes it very difficult for the IWC to assess the relative efficiency of each method, and tosuggest improvements. Furthermore, the failure by Japan to submit adequate data on its JARPN huntin the Eastern North Pacific, particularly in relation to the killing of sperm whales, prevents anyindependent evaluation from other member of the Commission.50A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF MODERN WHALING ACTIVITIESReferencesAnon 1980. Report of the Workshop on Humane Killing Techniques for Whales. International WhalingCommission Report. IWC/33/15.Anon 1999. Report of the Workshop on Whale Killing Methods. Grenada, 17-19 May 1999. IWC/51/12.Anon 2003a. Evaluation of current methods used to kill whales in relation to species taken. Submitted by theUK to the IWC Workshop on Whale Killing Methods and Associated Welfare Issues. Berlin, Germany. June 7-9, 2003. IWC/55/WK20.Anon 2003b. Welfare implications for ‘struck and lost’ cetaceans. Submitted by the UK to the IWC Workshopon Whale Killing Methods and Associated Welfare Issues. Berlin, Germany. June 7-9, 2003. IWC/55/WK21.Anon 2003c. Report of the Workshop on Whale Killing Methods and Associated Welfare Issues. 7-9 June, 2003.Berlin, Germany. IWC/55/Rep5.Anon 2003d. Times to death in Greenlandic minke and fin whale hunt in 2002. Submitted by GreenlandHome Rule Government to the 2003 IWC Workshop on Whale Killing Methods and Associated Welfare Issues.IWC/55/WK12Rev.Butterworth, A., Sadler, L., Knowles, T.G. and Kestin S.C. 2003. Evaluating possible indicators of insensibilityand death in cetacea. Submitted to the 2003 IWC Workshop on Whale Killing Methods and Associated WelfareIssues. Berlin, Germany. IWC/55/WK4.Castellini, M. 2000. History of polar whaling: insights into the physiology of the great whales. ComparativeBiochemistry and Physiology Part A 126: 153-159.Gregory, N.G. and Lowe, T.E. 1999. Expectations and legal requirements for stunning and slaughter inslaughterhouses. Submitted by the governments of Australia, New Zealand and the UK to the 1999 Workshopon Whale Killing Methods. IWC/51/WK1.HSUS 1997. Chukchi Whaling: An HSUS/HSI Investigation into Russia’s Aboriginal Whale Hunt.
Page 5 and 6: ForewordWhales are highly evolved a
Page 7: 1 Executive SummaryThis review exam
Page 11 and 12: 2 A background to whalingPhilippa B
Page 13 and 14: y the weapon’s enormous recoil, w
Page 15 and 16: Japan currently whales in the Antar
Page 17 and 18: Otto, K. 1997. Animal Pain Behaviou
Page 19 and 20: Protecting the welfare of animals i
Page 21 and 22: Toothed whales (Odontoceti)Toothed
Page 23 and 24: Social behaviourMother-calf pairsOn
Page 25 and 26: to store and pass on information to
Page 27 and 28: Communication in great whalesThe mo
Page 29: Self-awarenessOne of the most compe
Page 32 and 33: J.G.M. Thewissen), pp. 158-162. Aca
Page 34 and 35: Whitehead, H., Waters, S. and Lyrho
Page 36 and 37: humanitarian purposes the time take
Page 38 and 39: Welfare and the modern IWCFrom 1980
Page 40 and 41: 1996 UK proposes guidelines for col
Page 42 and 43: Section TwoWhale killing6 Commercia
Page 44 and 45: Table 1 Commercial, special permit
Page 46 and 47: It can be argued that the figures f
Page 48 and 49: Since struck and lost whales can in
Page 50 and 51: equipment to Russian subsistence wh
Page 52 and 53: This is the time from the throwing
Page 56 and 57: International Aid For Korean Animal
Page 58 and 59: 29 In Resolution 1999-1, the IWC no
Page 60 and 61: For example, Greenland and the Faro
Page 62 and 63: the past they made an important con
Page 64 and 65: however, has been made on the exten
Page 66 and 67: hunt indicate that the whales are s
Page 68 and 69: 8 Weather, sea condition and shipmo
Page 70 and 71: chance of fog decreases from 15 to
Page 72 and 73: experienced in December, or y could
Page 74: 9 The potential stress effects ofwh
Page 77 and 78: Both chase and pursuit cause stress
Page 79 and 80: and manifest in a series of lethal
Page 81 and 82: Ridgeway, S. H. (1966). Dall porpoi
Page 83 and 84: 10 Euthanasia of cetaceansPhilippa
Page 85 and 86: for the task. The correct target ar
Page 87 and 88: whales the size of minke whales (Ø
Page 89 and 90: 11 Review of criteria for determini
Page 91 and 92: It is apparent from Figure 1, that,
Page 93 and 94: interpreted criteria, comparisons o
Page 95 and 96: 90A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICATI
Page 97 and 98: 12 A comparison betweenslaughterhou
Page 99 and 100: include levels of premature mortali
Page 101 and 102: the emphasis during some whaling op
Page 103 and 104: affect an immediate and thereby law
Page 105 and 106:
Table 1 Animal welfare and the Sche
Page 107 and 108:
CIWF Trust, 2002. Farm Assurance Sc
Page 109 and 110:
13 Ethics and whaling under special
Page 111 and 112:
Table 1. Consideration of the 3Rs i
Page 113 and 114:
skin samples, without the need for
Page 115 and 116:
IWC (2001) Report of the Scientific
Page 117 and 118:
Whales and the lawCetaceans (and wh
Page 119 and 120:
scientific and technical committees
Page 121 and 122:
ASCOBANS came into force in 1994. F
Page 123 and 124:
The Treaty of the Panama Canal, ena
Page 125 and 126:
2 As a result, their need for prote
Page 127 and 128:
law says, but also the extent to wh
Page 129 and 130:
15 Whaling and welfarePhilippa Brak
Page 131 and 132:
commercial whaling. Times to death
Page 133 and 134:
eath). Using the current criteria t
Page 135 and 136:
possibility of establishing a simil
Page 137 and 138:
international customary law and exi
Page 139 and 140:
16 Summary of conclusionsModern day
Page 141 and 142:
Glossary136A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE
Page 143 and 144:
138A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICAT
Page 145 and 146:
Appendix IIColour plates©Mark Voti
Page 147 and 148:
142A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICAT
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 13. Processing minke whales
show all

TROUBLED WATERS - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?