TROUBLED WATERS - Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society

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1996 UK proposes guidelines for collecting data on the killing of whales as part of theRevised Management Scheme (RMS).1997 Commission adopts resolution calling on aboriginal subsistence whalers to “doeverything possible to reduce still further any unavoidable suffering caused towhales in such hunts”. Japan announces it will use rifles in place of the electriclance from the next whaling season.1999 Workshop on WKM convened. The Humane Killing Working Group name is changed to‘Working Group on Whale Killing Methods and Associated Welfare Issues’ (WKM&AWI)after objections to the word ‘humane’ are raised. Resolution adopted requesting dataon instantaneous death rate, struck and lost rate, details of killing weapons used andcriteria for determining unconsciousness or time to death. Also calling for aboriginalhunters to provide more data. Adoption of the ‘Revised Action Plan’ on WKM.2001 Independent workshop held in London 8 concludes that IWC criteria for determiningdeath and insensibility in whales are inadequate. IWC Resolution adopted expressesdisappointment that no data on the killing of sperm and Bryde’s whales duringJapan’s special permit whaling is provided. Formal protocol for welfare datacollection under RMS is proposed by UK2003 Workshop on WKM&AWI convened – ‘Action plan’ again reviewed. Further calls madefor data on killing times from Japan’s special permit whaling and from Aboriginalsubsistence hunts. Minimum calibre rifles for secondary killing recommended. Callsmade for further investigation into the criteria used for determining insensibility anddeath in cetaceans. Japan walks out of discussion on proposed collection of welfaredata under the RMS.THE IWC AND WHALE WELFARE35cruelty of whaling, which played a significant role in the decision to impose the moratorium, willremain unresolved for the foreseeable future.ReferencesBest, P.B. 1974. Death times for whales killed by explosive harpoons. Submitted to the IWC ScientificCommittee. SC/26/24.International Whaling Conference 1937. Report of the International Whaling Conference, London 1937, PROF0371/21079.IWC 1959. Report of the International Whaling Commission. IWC/10. p.7.IWC 1959. Chairman’s Report of the Tenth Annual Meeting. Rep.int.Whal.Commn 10:12-8.IWC 1961. Report of the International Whaling Commission. Appendix V: Report of Working Party on ‘Humaneand Expeditious Methods of Killing Whales’ 32-35.IWC 1975a. Report of the Scientific Committee.IWC 1975b. Report of the Scientific Committee Annex R: ‘Death Times for Whales Killed by Explosive Harpoons’(Best. P) Rep.int Whal. .Commn 25 :208-214.IWC 1977. Chairman’s Report of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting. Rep.int.Whal.Commn 27: 6-15.
IWC 1979a. Chairman’s Report of the 30th Annual Meeting Appendix 4: Reporting data relative to HumaneKilling. Rep. int. Whal. Commn 29 p.32.IWC 1979b. Report of the International Whaling Commission. Annex J: Report of the sub-committee on humanekilling techniques 29:90-2.IWC 1980. Report of the Technical Committee Working Group on Humane Killing.IWC 1981.Report of the Workshop on Humane Killing Techniques. IWC/33/15.IWC1985. Chairman’s Report of the Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting. Rep.int. Whal.Comm. 35:19-20.IWC 2001. UK Paper on Collection of Whale Killing Data. Submitted by the United Kingdom to the 2001IWC Working Group on Whale Killing Methods and Associated Welfare Issues. IWC/53/WKM&AWI5.RSPCA 2003. Report of the International Scientific Workshop on Sentience and Potential for Suffering inHunted Whales. Hosted by the RSPCA, 14-14th June 2001, London. Document submitted for information bythe UK to the IWC Workshop on Whale Killing Methods, 7-9 June 2003, Berlin.Footnotes1 Signatories comprising the governments of: the Union of South Africa, the US, the Argentine Republic, theCommonwealth of Australia, Germany, the UK, Northern Ireland, the Irish Free State, New Zealand andNorway.2 Resolution V, United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, 25th April 1958, Report of the ThirdCommittee.363 Article III, paragraph 6 of the Schedule to the ICRW.A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICATIONS OF MODERN WHALING ACTIVITIES4 The objections of Japan and the Russian Federation remain.5 The Action Plan called for: details to be provided on equipment and methods used and for cooperation inimproving methods, investigation into criteria for determining death, assessments of cause of death in relationto observed time to death (using post-mortem data), provision of data on time to death and struck and lostrates in all whaling operations, including ASW (particularly noting the need for data provision and thereduction of struck and lost rates in the Greenland beluga and narwhal hunts), and for the development ofmethods for determining stress indictors in hunted whales.6 Calling for Denmark to provide all ‘additional information’ on the pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands tothe next annual meeting and expressing concern about the adequacy of the implementation of existingFaroese legislation.7 A resolution requesting further data on killing methods and a specific resolution referring to the killingmethods employed during the pilot whale drive hunt.8 Hosted by the RSPCA (RSPCA 2003).
Page 5 and 6: ForewordWhales are highly evolved a
Page 7: 1 Executive SummaryThis review exam
Page 11 and 12: 2 A background to whalingPhilippa B
Page 13 and 14: y the weapon’s enormous recoil, w
Page 15 and 16: Japan currently whales in the Antar
Page 17 and 18: Otto, K. 1997. Animal Pain Behaviou
Page 19 and 20: Protecting the welfare of animals i
Page 21 and 22: Toothed whales (Odontoceti)Toothed
Page 23 and 24: Social behaviourMother-calf pairsOn
Page 25 and 26: to store and pass on information to
Page 27 and 28: Communication in great whalesThe mo
Page 29: Self-awarenessOne of the most compe
Page 32 and 33: J.G.M. Thewissen), pp. 158-162. Aca
Page 34 and 35: Whitehead, H., Waters, S. and Lyrho
Page 36 and 37: humanitarian purposes the time take
Page 38 and 39: Welfare and the modern IWCFrom 1980
Page 42 and 43: Section TwoWhale killing6 Commercia
Page 44 and 45: Table 1 Commercial, special permit
Page 46 and 47: It can be argued that the figures f
Page 48 and 49: Since struck and lost whales can in
Page 50 and 51: equipment to Russian subsistence wh
Page 52 and 53: This is the time from the throwing
Page 54 and 55: Table 3 Aboriginal Subsistence Whal
Page 56 and 57: International Aid For Korean Animal
Page 58 and 59: 29 In Resolution 1999-1, the IWC no
Page 60 and 61: For example, Greenland and the Faro
Page 62 and 63: the past they made an important con
Page 64 and 65: however, has been made on the exten
Page 66 and 67: hunt indicate that the whales are s
Page 68 and 69: 8 Weather, sea condition and shipmo
Page 70 and 71: chance of fog decreases from 15 to
Page 72 and 73: experienced in December, or y could
Page 74: 9 The potential stress effects ofwh
Page 77 and 78: Both chase and pursuit cause stress
Page 79 and 80: and manifest in a series of lethal
Page 81 and 82: Ridgeway, S. H. (1966). Dall porpoi
Page 83 and 84: 10 Euthanasia of cetaceansPhilippa
Page 85 and 86: for the task. The correct target ar
Page 87 and 88: whales the size of minke whales (Ø
Page 89 and 90: 11 Review of criteria for determini
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It is apparent from Figure 1, that,
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interpreted criteria, comparisons o
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90A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICATI
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12 A comparison betweenslaughterhou
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include levels of premature mortali
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the emphasis during some whaling op
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affect an immediate and thereby law
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Table 1 Animal welfare and the Sche
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CIWF Trust, 2002. Farm Assurance Sc
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13 Ethics and whaling under special
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Table 1. Consideration of the 3Rs i
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skin samples, without the need for
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IWC (2001) Report of the Scientific
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Whales and the lawCetaceans (and wh
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scientific and technical committees
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ASCOBANS came into force in 1994. F
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The Treaty of the Panama Canal, ena
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2 As a result, their need for prote
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law says, but also the extent to wh
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15 Whaling and welfarePhilippa Brak
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commercial whaling. Times to death
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eath). Using the current criteria t
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possibility of establishing a simil
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international customary law and exi
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16 Summary of conclusionsModern day
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Glossary136A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE
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138A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICAT
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Appendix IIColour plates©Mark Voti
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142A REVIEW OF THE WELFARE IMPLICAT
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Figure 13. Processing minke whales
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