Crack cocaine in the Dublin region - Health Research Board

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• Participants reported that, in response to increased surveillance from gardaí,dealers were carrying small amounts of crack to exchanges with users; depositingthe drug in a hidden area for users to collect (instead of making an exchange);sending potential buyers to different areas of the city rather than making anexchange in the established city-centre market; and refusing to deal to unknownclients.• Drug-distribution systems adapt quickly, so that drug suppliers who have beenarrested are quickly replaced. For example, Operation Clean Street was regardedas a success from a law-enforcement point of view, leading to over 1,100individual convictions for supply of heroin. However, the success of OperationClean Street raised the issue of the so-called ‘Water Bed Effect’ whereby drugactivity was displaced to other locations around the city.• There is growing evidence that partnership working between all stakeholders,including law-enforcement agencies, accommodation and treatment services andlocal communities, offers the most sustainable method of responding to streetleveldrug markets.• Law enforcement can concentrate its effects in specific locations at particulartimes and, consequently, it is uniquely placed to prevent or disrupt emerging drugmarkets.• Limited sources of crack supply in Dublin may have contributed to the stable highprice of crack relative to other drugs.• The price of crack may be a key factor in any potential escalation in its use.Demand is often inelastic for problematic drug users, relative to moderateor recreational users, and increased prices may simply lead them to engagein greater levels of crime in order to pay the higher prices. However, thisstudy found some evidence that the high price of crack does deter use amongindividuals who are not willing to engage in criminal activity.• Effective intervention strategies may be those which combine attempts to disruptlocal markets, thus rendering them less predictable to both buyers and sellers,with attempts to divert drug offenders into treatment services.• A report on a pilot arrest referral scheme in Dublin’s north-inner city raiseda number of questions about the efficacy of the model being applied becausethe take up for the scheme was quite low. Data from the NDTRS also suggest alow rate of referral of crack users from criminal justice agencies to the healthservices.Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy107
108 Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy
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HRB Research Series6Crack cocaine i
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This publication should be cited as
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HRB Research Series publicationsto
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ContentsList of tables and figures
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7 Social consequences of crack use
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List of tables and figuresTablesTab
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AbbreviationsADRUGNDUHRBISCCSGLDTFN
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Glossary of termsBenzos: The street
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Executive summaryBackground and stu
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phone and buyers are directed to sp
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Part 1IntroductionCrack cocaine in
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In the light of these concerns, it
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extensive reporting in the US about
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Ten interviews were conducted with
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also offers potential to trace supp
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Part 2Crack cocaine in the Dublin r
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2.2 Criminal justice data - cocaine
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Prevalence of crack use among homel
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Local survey dataA survey in 2006 o
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Respondent 1: I’d say it’s stil
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3 Dublin crack cocaine market3.0 Ov
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sold on the street for as little as
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Like, I was down on M… Street in
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3.4 Marketing crackFour interviewee
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While crack was generally bought al
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• Although a number of dealers, o
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4.2 Crack use and genderAccording t
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From about 16 to 21 I would say - t
Page 58 and 59: Table 4.4Number of new cases who li
Page 60 and 61: 5.2 Crack and other drugsMany of th
Page 62 and 63: Whether treated cases reported crac
Page 64 and 65: cases of intravenous cocaine use, t
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.5Number (%) of new cases wh
Page 68 and 69: Part 3Consequences of crack useCrac
Page 70 and 71: etween heroin, cocaine and crime. T
Page 72 and 73: So, they would talk about the kind
Page 74 and 75: Crack and prostitutionNine services
Page 76 and 77: On the other hand, reports from two
Page 78 and 79: often with a prevalence of opiate d
Page 80 and 81: The data provided by the NDTRS in S
Page 82 and 83: But you know it would be about kind
Page 84 and 85: So, debt is another significant iss
Page 86 and 87: 7.6 Key findings• A significant p
Page 88 and 89: There are considerable long-term ps
Page 90: 8.3 Psychological consequences of c
Page 93 and 94: 9 Treating crack use9.0 OverviewIn
Page 95 and 96: Some services were in a position to
Page 97 and 98: Both opiate-dependent and non-opiat
Page 99 and 100: • more outreach work to identify
Page 101 and 102: 10 Policing crack markets10.0 Overv
Page 103 and 104: local communities. There is growing
Page 105 and 106: He’d know me, I’d know him, you
Page 107: Table 10.1 Number of new cases who
Page 111 and 112: 11 Discussion and research implicat
Page 113 and 114: 11.2 Responding to crack markets an
Page 115 and 116: 11.3 Reducing the harm that crack c
Page 117 and 118: Shoplifting, burglary and robbery w
Page 119 and 120: Bourgois P (2003b) Crack and the po
Page 121 and 122: Furey M and Browne C (2004) Opiate
Page 123 and 124: Loughran H and McCann ME (2006) A c
Page 125 and 126: San Diego Police Department (1998)
Page 127 and 128: Appendix A:An evidence base for tre
Page 129 and 130: note that providing information on
Page 131 and 132: MedicationsA number of studies have
Page 133 and 134: interpersonal psychotherapy. Americ
Page 135 and 136: Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
Page 137 and 138: Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
Page 139 and 140: Appendix C:Recent HRB series public
Page 141 and 142: 140 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
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Crack cocaine in the Dublin region - Health Research Board

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