Crack cocaine in the Dublin region - Health Research Board

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Jurisdiction Intervention/Description Main Findings/EffectivenessSan Diego,California1996DiversionA Three phase response:1) Operation Hot Pipe-Increased patrol andmarketing of anti-drug tactics to make targetarea undesirable for drug users and dealers.2) Operation Smokey Haze - series of reversestings, sweeps, and leaks (some honest andsome fabricated) to users and dealers ofpolice operations to be employed with the aimof confusing users/dealers and continuing tomake the target area an undesirable place forthem to be.3) Operation Rehab - local marketing firmvolunteered to work with the police to helplocal businesses to promote the area, fliersproviding info on drug treatment services weredistributed to users/dealersMany of the dealers were arrested andincarcerated which resulted in the marketbeing destabilised. Reduction in robberies.Majority of the local businesses (83%)indicated the intervention had a positive effectand reported a 36% increase in business.Users reported an increased difficulty inpurchasing crack on the street.Santa Barbara,California1995-1996DiversionDennis Palmer Elk’s LodgeInitially engaged in undercover buy-bustoperations to suppress dealing at the targetlocation. Second, alcoholic beverage licenceof the nightclub was revoked. Finally, drugnuisance abatement processes used to evictthe owners from the club and close theproperty.Drug activity and associated criminal activityno longer exists at the address. Propertyowners and businesses have begun toreinvest in the community. Improvements inthe trust and confidence local residents andbusinesses have in the police, as well asquality of life.Seminole County,Florida1995Drug Nuisance Abatement & Civil RemediesLockhart Neighbourhood ProjectAbsentee landlord whose property was beingused as a crack house sold the property tothe neighbouring church who converted theproperty into a car park. Abatement processeswere used to evict the tenants and demolishthe crack house.The drug and crime problems associated withthe address eliminated. Quality of life at theintersection where the property was situatedimproved. Calls for service related to cracksales virtually ceased.Some displacement to nearby areas.Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy135
Jurisdiction Intervention/Description Main Findings/EffectivenessSpokane,Washington1994Community PolicingProject ROARCommunity policing initiative aimed atimproving quality of life, involving cooperationbetween the police department, housingauthority and residents. Establishment of alocal ‘Cop Shop’, assigning community policeofficers to the project area, coordination withcrime prevention organisations, employmentof a resident resource coordinator, physicalimprovements to the neighbourhood,situational prevention strategies (e.g. targethardening) and assignment of a communitycorrections officer to the project areaMixed results – increased arrests and offencesacross targeted and non targeted areas.However, interviews with residents reveallevels of fear had significantly decreasedbetween 1994 and 1997. Residents alsoperceived an improvement in the socialconditions of the area.Delray Beach,Florida1994CombinationMario’s Market ProjectCrime prevention through environmentaldesign (e.g. additional lighting, repairedfencing, improvements to the general physicalappearance of the buildings, removal ofrubbish, installation of surveillance camerasetc). These efforts were followed up withdrug nuisance abatement processes, wherecrack houses are issued code violations,problem tenants evicted, dilapidated buildingscondemned.Observed drug and associated criminalactivity, calls for service and arrests reduced.Several crack houses torn down and severalindividuals helped into treatment.Evidence of displacement with many drugdealers were reported to have left the areaand moved operations to other cities.Kansas, Missouri1991RaidsSuspected crack house raids by police,securing the premises, detaining persons,searching the premises and seizing illegalgoods (drugs, weapons, stolen property).Raids were forceful and highly evident tosurrounding residents (deterrent).Positive but modest results point to concernsregarding the cost effectiveness of raids.Montreal, Canada1989CrackdownSingle day of intensive policing by over 100officers at just 26 residential hotspots totarget dealing. Raids, buy-busts and arrests.Significant reduction in property crime. Thecrackdown appeared to be successful instopping the emergence of drug marketsin the district because it was massive andconducted before the drug markets had achance to establish themselves.136 Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy
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HRB Research Series6Crack cocaine i
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This publication should be cited as
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HRB Research Series publicationsto
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ContentsList of tables and figures
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7 Social consequences of crack use
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List of tables and figuresTablesTab
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AbbreviationsADRUGNDUHRBISCCSGLDTFN
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Glossary of termsBenzos: The street
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Executive summaryBackground and stu
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phone and buyers are directed to sp
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Part 1IntroductionCrack cocaine in
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In the light of these concerns, it
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extensive reporting in the US about
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Ten interviews were conducted with
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also offers potential to trace supp
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Part 2Crack cocaine in the Dublin r
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2.2 Criminal justice data - cocaine
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Prevalence of crack use among homel
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Local survey dataA survey in 2006 o
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Respondent 1: I’d say it’s stil
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3 Dublin crack cocaine market3.0 Ov
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sold on the street for as little as
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Like, I was down on M… Street in
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3.4 Marketing crackFour interviewee
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While crack was generally bought al
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• Although a number of dealers, o
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4.2 Crack use and genderAccording t
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From about 16 to 21 I would say - t
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Table 4.4Number of new cases who li
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5.2 Crack and other drugsMany of th
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Whether treated cases reported crac
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cases of intravenous cocaine use, t
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Table 5.5Number (%) of new cases wh
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Part 3Consequences of crack useCrac
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etween heroin, cocaine and crime. T
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So, they would talk about the kind
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Crack and prostitutionNine services
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On the other hand, reports from two
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often with a prevalence of opiate d
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The data provided by the NDTRS in S
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But you know it would be about kind
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So, debt is another significant iss
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Page 88 and 89: There are considerable long-term ps
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Page 93 and 94: 9 Treating crack use9.0 OverviewIn
Page 95 and 96: Some services were in a position to
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Page 99 and 100: • more outreach work to identify
Page 101 and 102: 10 Policing crack markets10.0 Overv
Page 103 and 104: local communities. There is growing
Page 105 and 106: He’d know me, I’d know him, you
Page 107 and 108: Table 10.1 Number of new cases who
Page 109 and 110: 108 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
Page 111 and 112: 11 Discussion and research implicat
Page 113 and 114: 11.2 Responding to crack markets an
Page 115 and 116: 11.3 Reducing the harm that crack c
Page 117 and 118: Shoplifting, burglary and robbery w
Page 119 and 120: Bourgois P (2003b) Crack and the po
Page 121 and 122: Furey M and Browne C (2004) Opiate
Page 123 and 124: Loughran H and McCann ME (2006) A c
Page 125 and 126: San Diego Police Department (1998)
Page 127 and 128: Appendix A:An evidence base for tre
Page 129 and 130: note that providing information on
Page 131 and 132: MedicationsA number of studies have
Page 133 and 134: interpersonal psychotherapy. Americ
Page 135: Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
Page 139 and 140: Appendix C:Recent HRB series public
Page 141 and 142: 140 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
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