Crack cocaine in the Dublin region - Health Research Board

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5.2 Crack and other drugsMany of the international findings discussed above emphasise that the majority ofcrack users have a history of problematic drug use (involving opiates in particular). Thefindings were borne out by this study. The NDTRS data show that individual cases mayreport using up to four problem drugs comprising one main problem drug and up tothree additional problem drugs. As reported in Section 2.4, there were 135 cases thatlived in Dublin and reported crack cocaine as a problem drug between 2004 and 2006.Of these 135 cases, 35 (26%) were being treated for the first time (Table 5.1).Table 5.1Number of cases who lived in Dublin and were treated for problem crack cocaineuse, by treatment status, as reported to the NDTRS, 2004 to 2006Year treatedTreatment status 2004 2005 2006 TotalNew cases 9 12 14 35Previously treated cases 34 26 34 94Treatment status unknown 2 0 4 6Total 45 38 52 135Eighteen cases reported crack cocaine as their main problem substance. Of these, ninehad been treated previously, and eight were entering treatment for the first time (Table5.2). Fourteen (78%) used more than one drug (Table 5.2 and Figure 5.1). The morecommon additional drugs were opiates or cocaine powder.Table 5.2Number of cases who lived in Dublin and were treated for crack cocaine as a mainproblem drug, by treatment status, as reported to the NDTRS, 2004 to 2006Year treatedCrack cocaine main problem drug by treatment status 2004 2005 2006 TotalNew cases 1 2 5 8Previously treated cases 3 2 4 9Treatment status unknown 0 0 1 1Total 4 4 10 18There were 117 cases who lived in Dublin and were treated for problem crack cocaineuse as an additional problem drug between 2004 and 2006. Of these cases, 85 (73%)had been previously treated for problem drug use and only 27 (23%) were enteringtreatment for the first time (Table 5.3).Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy59
Table 5.3Number of cases who lived in Dublin and were treated for crack cocaine as anadditional problem drug, by treatment status, as reported to the NDTRS, 2004 to2006Year treatedCrack cocaine as an additional problem drug bytreatment status2004 2005 2006 TotalNew cases 8 10 9 27Previously treated cases 31 24 30 85Treatment status unknown 2 0 3 5Total 41 34 42 117120100Number of cases806040200OpiatesCocaine powderBenzodiazepinesOthersMain problem drugwhen crack is anadditional problem drug106821Additional problemdrugs when crackcocaine was mainproblem drug10462Figure 5.1 Number of cases who lived in Dublin and were treated for crack cocaine, by othertypes of problem drugs used alongside it, as reported to the NDTRS, 2004 to 20065.3 Crack and opiatesAccording to NDTRS data, of the 117 cases who reported crack cocaine as an additionalproblem substance between 2004 and 2006, 91% reported an opiate (mainly heroin) asthe main problem substance (Figure 5.1).60 Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy
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HRB Research Series6Crack cocaine i
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This publication should be cited as
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HRB Research Series publicationsto
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ContentsList of tables and figures
Page 10 and 11: 7 Social consequences of crack use
Page 12 and 13: List of tables and figuresTablesTab
Page 14 and 15: AbbreviationsADRUGNDUHRBISCCSGLDTFN
Page 16 and 17: Glossary of termsBenzos: The street
Page 18 and 19: Executive summaryBackground and stu
Page 20 and 21: phone and buyers are directed to sp
Page 22 and 23: Part 1IntroductionCrack cocaine in
Page 24 and 25: In the light of these concerns, it
Page 26 and 27: extensive reporting in the US about
Page 28 and 29: Ten interviews were conducted with
Page 30 and 31: also offers potential to trace supp
Page 32 and 33: Part 2Crack cocaine in the Dublin r
Page 34 and 35: 2.2 Criminal justice data - cocaine
Page 36 and 37: Prevalence of crack use among homel
Page 38 and 39: Local survey dataA survey in 2006 o
Page 40 and 41: Respondent 1: I’d say it’s stil
Page 42 and 43: 3 Dublin crack cocaine market3.0 Ov
Page 44 and 45: sold on the street for as little as
Page 46 and 47: Like, I was down on M… Street in
Page 48 and 49: 3.4 Marketing crackFour interviewee
Page 50 and 51: While crack was generally bought al
Page 52 and 53: • Although a number of dealers, o
Page 54 and 55: 4.2 Crack use and genderAccording t
Page 56 and 57: From about 16 to 21 I would say - t
Page 58 and 59: Table 4.4Number of new cases who li
Page 62 and 63: Whether treated cases reported crac
Page 64 and 65: cases of intravenous cocaine use, t
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.5Number (%) of new cases wh
Page 68 and 69: Part 3Consequences of crack useCrac
Page 70 and 71: etween heroin, cocaine and crime. T
Page 72 and 73: So, they would talk about the kind
Page 74 and 75: Crack and prostitutionNine services
Page 76 and 77: On the other hand, reports from two
Page 78 and 79: often with a prevalence of opiate d
Page 80 and 81: The data provided by the NDTRS in S
Page 82 and 83: But you know it would be about kind
Page 84 and 85: So, debt is another significant iss
Page 86 and 87: 7.6 Key findings• A significant p
Page 88 and 89: There are considerable long-term ps
Page 90: 8.3 Psychological consequences of c
Page 93 and 94: 9 Treating crack use9.0 OverviewIn
Page 95 and 96: Some services were in a position to
Page 97 and 98: Both opiate-dependent and non-opiat
Page 99 and 100: • more outreach work to identify
Page 101 and 102: 10 Policing crack markets10.0 Overv
Page 103 and 104: local communities. There is growing
Page 105 and 106: He’d know me, I’d know him, you
Page 107 and 108: Table 10.1 Number of new cases who
Page 109 and 110: 108 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
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11 Discussion and research implicat
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11.2 Responding to crack markets an
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11.3 Reducing the harm that crack c
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Shoplifting, burglary and robbery w
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Bourgois P (2003b) Crack and the po
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Furey M and Browne C (2004) Opiate
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Loughran H and McCann ME (2006) A c
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San Diego Police Department (1998)
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Appendix A:An evidence base for tre
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note that providing information on
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MedicationsA number of studies have
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interpersonal psychotherapy. Americ
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Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
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Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
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Appendix C:Recent HRB series public
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140 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
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