3.4 Market<strong>in</strong>g crackFour <strong>in</strong>terviewees referred to <strong>the</strong> ‘market<strong>in</strong>g’ of crack by dealers. Market<strong>in</strong>g tactics<strong>in</strong>clude encourag<strong>in</strong>g hero<strong>in</strong> users to take up crack use by refus<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>m hero<strong>in</strong>, cit<strong>in</strong>ga ‘drought’ (lack of availability of hero<strong>in</strong> at <strong>the</strong> time), and offer<strong>in</strong>g crack. It is alsoreported that some dealers offer first-time customers (<strong>in</strong> particular, sex workers) freecrack <strong>in</strong> order to promote <strong>the</strong>ir habit:Well I have asked actually a couple of <strong>the</strong> girls <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> area, who live <strong>in</strong> this area, who saythat <strong>the</strong>y don’t have a crack problem but <strong>the</strong>y’re constantly be<strong>in</strong>g asked do <strong>the</strong>y want it.And when <strong>the</strong>y try and source hero<strong>in</strong>, <strong>the</strong>y’re be<strong>in</strong>g offered crack <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> absence of hero<strong>in</strong>.And so, anecdotally, a couple of <strong>the</strong> girls here, one girl <strong>in</strong> particular would say that it isbeg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g to become a problem <strong>in</strong> that when she’s try<strong>in</strong>g to source hero<strong>in</strong>, she’s be<strong>in</strong>g offeredcrack <strong>in</strong>stead.north-<strong>in</strong>ner city, service provider (November 2007)Ano<strong>the</strong>r market<strong>in</strong>g strategy <strong>in</strong>cludes deal<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> ‘party packs’, where crack is sold <strong>in</strong>comb<strong>in</strong>ation with o<strong>the</strong>r drugs such as hero<strong>in</strong>, <strong>coca<strong>in</strong>e</strong>, ecstasy or cannabis:They’re go<strong>in</strong>g around now with party packs with crack, hero<strong>in</strong> and tablets <strong>in</strong>side of it, do youknow and <strong>the</strong>y are sell<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>m, <strong>the</strong>y are sell<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>m for 50 and 100 quid a go.north-<strong>in</strong>ner city, service provider (September 2007)<strong>Crack</strong> dealers may also target known drug users outside methadone cl<strong>in</strong>ics:But like <strong>the</strong>y are be<strong>in</strong>g asked you know a lot of <strong>the</strong> time <strong>the</strong>y’re be<strong>in</strong>g offered stuff free and<strong>the</strong>n if <strong>the</strong>y take it free <strong>the</strong>y pay huge amounts of money afterwards for it you know. So, <strong>the</strong>yseem to be targeted, <strong>the</strong>y certa<strong>in</strong>ly are target<strong>in</strong>g people who are known drug users who maynot be actively us<strong>in</strong>g for some time, and <strong>the</strong>y’re just slowly tempted…north-<strong>in</strong>ner city, drug-treatment service (October 2007)I was hop<strong>in</strong>g to get off that cl<strong>in</strong>ic. I start<strong>in</strong>g cutt<strong>in</strong>g myself down on my methadone and <strong>the</strong>yare ask<strong>in</strong>g me why… and I was just say<strong>in</strong>g because I felt like it. It was just I want away fromwhere I am. Because like even over at P… Street you can get rock, you’re asked ‘are youlook<strong>in</strong>g for gear, do you want any tablets? Any pills? Do you want any crack? I have lovelypowder’. You know you get a pa<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> your bollocks with it. And I th<strong>in</strong>k it’s like a big magnet.I really do. I just want away from P… Street. I really do.north-<strong>in</strong>ner city, current crack user (October 2007)Dealers may also entice young buyers by market<strong>in</strong>g crack as ‘smokeable’ <strong>coca<strong>in</strong>e</strong>.It’s also a significant <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> number of young people that are actually us<strong>in</strong>g from asearly as – as young as 13, 14. They are smok<strong>in</strong>g it and you know try<strong>in</strong>g to get <strong>the</strong>m wise toit because it is sold to <strong>the</strong>m as coke, it is not sold to <strong>the</strong>m as crack.north-<strong>in</strong>ner city, service provider (November 2007)<strong>Crack</strong> <strong>coca<strong>in</strong>e</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dubl<strong>in</strong> <strong>region</strong>: an evidence base for a crack <strong>coca<strong>in</strong>e</strong> strategy47
3.5 <strong>Crack</strong> housesFive users had availed of, or were aware of, crack houses <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir local area orelsewhere <strong>in</strong> Dubl<strong>in</strong>. The rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terviewees reported us<strong>in</strong>g crack, mostly <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>irown private location, with crack-us<strong>in</strong>g friends. Ten drug-treatment services reportedanecdotal knowledge or strong rumours of crack houses <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir local area. However,participants <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>-depth <strong>in</strong>terviews described crack houses as places where crackcould be used, and <strong>in</strong> some cases prepared, only <strong>in</strong> exchange for free crack. They weregenerally not described as a major source of crack deal<strong>in</strong>g or a base for sex workers,which are common characteristics of crack houses <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> UK.Well, <strong>the</strong>y go to use it mostly ra<strong>the</strong>r than buy it. They can buy <strong>the</strong> coke <strong>the</strong>re but <strong>the</strong>y mostlyuse. They mostly go outside to buy <strong>the</strong> crack, but <strong>the</strong>y buy <strong>the</strong> coke <strong>the</strong>re… So, I’d say <strong>in</strong> thisarea, <strong>the</strong>re’s probably about two or three of <strong>the</strong>m [crack houses] … It’s a place just to golike, because mostly <strong>the</strong> people that live <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> house. If somebody comes to <strong>the</strong>ir house withcrack, <strong>the</strong>y get a free shot. So, that’s why <strong>the</strong>y’re allow<strong>in</strong>g people through <strong>the</strong>ir door that havecrack. So, <strong>the</strong>y can get freebies like.north-east Dubl<strong>in</strong>, former crack user (October 2007)Yeah, I know of three [crack houses]... When you go <strong>in</strong> Jesus Christ <strong>the</strong>re’s bodies everywhere.Everybody’s just smok<strong>in</strong>g it. I mean when you walk <strong>in</strong> you can hardly see <strong>the</strong>re’s just smoke,you know… And one of <strong>the</strong>m it’s like a closed-up house but it’s be<strong>in</strong>g used as a crack houseyou know. Like <strong>the</strong> police have been up to it a number of times. Put <strong>the</strong> door <strong>in</strong> to try andcatch people sell<strong>in</strong>g stuff and that. A couple of times I th<strong>in</strong>k <strong>the</strong>y got a little bit out of it. But<strong>the</strong>y never really got much because <strong>the</strong> coloured guy was cute, you know what I mean? Therewas not a lot on him, he hides it and he would get a phone call and he’d know exactly howmany [rocks] to br<strong>in</strong>g.north-<strong>in</strong>ner city, current crack user (October 2007)One outreach worker drew attention to <strong>the</strong> vulnerability of young mo<strong>the</strong>rs withproblematic drug histories who live <strong>in</strong> social hous<strong>in</strong>g. These women are at risk ofexploitation because <strong>the</strong>ir homes provide an opportunistic location for <strong>the</strong> use of drugssuch as crack <strong>coca<strong>in</strong>e</strong>:The Council have to put up <strong>the</strong>ir hand as well and take responsibility. They’re gett<strong>in</strong>g younggirls with kids, who’ve been <strong>in</strong> a vulnerable situation, <strong>the</strong>y’re giv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>m homes. And I know<strong>the</strong>y’ve been <strong>the</strong>re, done that, wore <strong>the</strong> T-shirt, and <strong>the</strong>y’re try<strong>in</strong>g to get <strong>the</strong>ir lives toge<strong>the</strong>rand all of a sudden <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong>y’re be<strong>in</strong>g exploited <strong>the</strong>n. And one is com<strong>in</strong>g, ‘Ah you knew whatit was like when you were on drugs, ah just <strong>the</strong> once’ and that once goes on to become aneveryday th<strong>in</strong>g.north-east Dubl<strong>in</strong>, outreach worker (September 2007)48 <strong>Crack</strong> <strong>coca<strong>in</strong>e</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dubl<strong>in</strong> <strong>region</strong>: an evidence base for a crack <strong>coca<strong>in</strong>e</strong> strategy
- Page 1 and 2: HRB Research Series6Crack cocaine i
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- Page 8 and 9: ContentsList of tables and figures
- Page 10 and 11: 7 Social consequences of crack use
- Page 12 and 13: List of tables and figuresTablesTab
- Page 14 and 15: AbbreviationsADRUGNDUHRBISCCSGLDTFN
- Page 16 and 17: Glossary of termsBenzos: The street
- Page 18 and 19: Executive summaryBackground and stu
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- Page 22 and 23: Part 1IntroductionCrack cocaine in
- Page 24 and 25: In the light of these concerns, it
- Page 26 and 27: extensive reporting in the US about
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- Page 30 and 31: also offers potential to trace supp
- Page 32 and 33: Part 2Crack cocaine in the Dublin r
- Page 34 and 35: 2.2 Criminal justice data - cocaine
- Page 36 and 37: Prevalence of crack use among homel
- Page 38 and 39: Local survey dataA survey in 2006 o
- Page 40 and 41: Respondent 1: I’d say it’s stil
- Page 42 and 43: 3 Dublin crack cocaine market3.0 Ov
- Page 44 and 45: sold on the street for as little as
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- Page 50 and 51: While crack was generally bought al
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- Page 54 and 55: 4.2 Crack use and genderAccording t
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- Page 58 and 59: Table 4.4Number of new cases who li
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- Page 66 and 67: Table 5.5Number (%) of new cases wh
- Page 68 and 69: Part 3Consequences of crack useCrac
- Page 70 and 71: etween heroin, cocaine and crime. T
- Page 72 and 73: So, they would talk about the kind
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• more outreach work to identify
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10 Policing crack markets10.0 Overv
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local communities. There is growing
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He’d know me, I’d know him, you
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Table 10.1 Number of new cases who
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108 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
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11 Discussion and research implicat
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11.2 Responding to crack markets an
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11.3 Reducing the harm that crack c
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Shoplifting, burglary and robbery w
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Bourgois P (2003b) Crack and the po
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Furey M and Browne C (2004) Opiate
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Loughran H and McCann ME (2006) A c
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San Diego Police Department (1998)
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Appendix A:An evidence base for tre
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note that providing information on
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MedicationsA number of studies have
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interpersonal psychotherapy. Americ
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Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
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Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
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Appendix C:Recent HRB series public
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140 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg