Crack cocaine in the Dublin region - Health Research Board

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Crack and prostitutionNine services had experience with clients involved in sex work. The majority of thesewomen were former heroin users who were on methadone programmes. Some hadreturned to prostitution after a period of stability, primarily to feed their crack use. Thecosts of regular crack use may result in the scenario described by one service provider:‘you either deal (drugs) or deal yourself’.We have a lot of them gone back now to the prostitution, a lot of them. Now it’s not like goingout on the streets now, it’s going to apartments and you know, people know where to go,there’s apartments you go to you do your business and they know where to get their moneyand if they want their money fast they know exactly where to get it… A lot of them are gettingpaid for it, a lot of them are getting their money and others are just getting their free crack.north-east Dublin, outreach worker (September 2007)OK? They [staff] also said that there’s quite a number of young ones who are involvedin prostitution, right, like that connection between cocaine and the sex trade. Those inprostitution are using crack, not powder, alright? And they will also be the only ones whowill be using heroin problematically.Canal Communities, drug-treatment service (September 2007)It was also reported that a number of women who would previously have sustainedtheir heroin habit without using sex work as a source of income were now enteringprostitution for the first time because of their crack use:There would be an increase of females going into prostitution. Where they probably wouldhave maintained heroin use for years and never gone into prostitution but now they are atthe stage where the want for it is so bad and the cravings are much kind of scarier than thecravings for heroin. They go into prostitution, it is kind of ‘I don’t care. As long as I get mymoney for a rock or 10 rocks or whatever I don’t care what I have to do for it’. A lot of themwould be working on the streets. And a few of them would be [doing it] in the house or hiscar.Crumlin, drug-treatment service (October 2007)I’ve noticed like, there’s a few girls that I know that’s only on crack, say about a year, noteven a year and they’re already turning to the game. And these girls beforehand you wouldhave never thought like, these are all wealthy, middle-class families, they’re well-to-do, theyhave good schooling. One of their sisters is actually a [profession deleted] and I was, I nearlydied, because it’s just something that I wouldn’t think about, do you know what I mean? Iwas asking her about it and she was like ‘ah Jaysus, it’s the crack and all’.north-east Dublin, former crack user (October 2007)Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy73
One of the participating crack users reported that she was currently working in the sextrade. This participant had children and regarded prostitution as a less risky means ofincome in terms of accruing criminal charges:I get lay ons [loans] off them or give them stuff to hold. Or go out working [prostitution]. Idon’t rob – I am not into robbing because if I got caught robbing I would be thinking ‘oh mekids’. Do you know what I mean? So, I would be working on and off. I worked a lot whenI was strung out on coke. So, I knew how it went. So, I just went down one night and gaveout me number to a few people. And I work over the phone rather down on the street don’twant to get known by police. I can’t afford it with the kids and that. If the clients ring me Iwill do it. If they don’t, I don’t bother.north-inner city, current crack user (October 2007)Another service had experience with women who were based in apartments; themajority of these women’s earnings were paid in crack rather than cash.When it comes to crack cocaine and that – it is the women who are working [in prostitution]and they are generally coming from all over the city…and we have got them up at the momentin from [County in midlands]. I met there two weeks ago a young girl, 19 years of age, crackhead, on the streets... I know one girl … she was going off to an apartment, working forEastern Europeans… She was going in on a shift from 12 o’clock and I said you know afterhow long will it be and she said probably 8 o’clock tonight, depends on whoever is comingin after her. There was three women working there. And they are no longer than a monthand they moved to another area. But I mean they get crack cocaine and 20 euro an hour.That’s pathetic. You know. So you know, at least on the streets they were getting their money,they are getting whatever for their fix but you know to get as much crack as you want and20 euro an hour.north-inner city, drug-treatment service (September 2007)Crack use and drug dealingThere were few reports from drug-treatment services of users dealing crack to fundtheir habit. Dealers who were also users were less likely to maintain sufficient profitsto sustain their habit, as their addiction could lead them to consume their supply:Some people would be dealing. That’s not easily maintained if somebody is dealing and doingcrack. It usually tends to fall apart quite quickly you know. They only last a couple of monthsbefore they either smoke it all, everything and the profit and then end up in debt so it tendsthat that doesn’t last too much.Finglas, drug-treatment service (October 2007)74 Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy
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HRB Research Series6Crack cocaine i
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This publication should be cited as
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HRB Research Series publicationsto
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ContentsList of tables and figures
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7 Social consequences of crack use
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List of tables and figuresTablesTab
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AbbreviationsADRUGNDUHRBISCCSGLDTFN
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Glossary of termsBenzos: The street
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Executive summaryBackground and stu
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phone and buyers are directed to sp
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Part 1IntroductionCrack cocaine in
Page 24 and 25: In the light of these concerns, it
Page 26 and 27: extensive reporting in the US about
Page 28 and 29: Ten interviews were conducted with
Page 30 and 31: also offers potential to trace supp
Page 32 and 33: Part 2Crack cocaine in the Dublin r
Page 34 and 35: 2.2 Criminal justice data - cocaine
Page 36 and 37: Prevalence of crack use among homel
Page 38 and 39: Local survey dataA survey in 2006 o
Page 40 and 41: Respondent 1: I’d say it’s stil
Page 42 and 43: 3 Dublin crack cocaine market3.0 Ov
Page 44 and 45: sold on the street for as little as
Page 46 and 47: Like, I was down on M… Street in
Page 48 and 49: 3.4 Marketing crackFour interviewee
Page 50 and 51: While crack was generally bought al
Page 52 and 53: • Although a number of dealers, o
Page 54 and 55: 4.2 Crack use and genderAccording t
Page 56 and 57: From about 16 to 21 I would say - t
Page 58 and 59: Table 4.4Number of new cases who li
Page 60 and 61: 5.2 Crack and other drugsMany of th
Page 62 and 63: Whether treated cases reported crac
Page 64 and 65: cases of intravenous cocaine use, t
Page 66 and 67: Table 5.5Number (%) of new cases wh
Page 68 and 69: Part 3Consequences of crack useCrac
Page 70 and 71: etween heroin, cocaine and crime. T
Page 72 and 73: So, they would talk about the kind
Page 76 and 77: On the other hand, reports from two
Page 78 and 79: often with a prevalence of opiate d
Page 80 and 81: The data provided by the NDTRS in S
Page 82 and 83: But you know it would be about kind
Page 84 and 85: So, debt is another significant iss
Page 86 and 87: 7.6 Key findings• A significant p
Page 88 and 89: There are considerable long-term ps
Page 90: 8.3 Psychological consequences of c
Page 93 and 94: 9 Treating crack use9.0 OverviewIn
Page 95 and 96: Some services were in a position to
Page 97 and 98: Both opiate-dependent and non-opiat
Page 99 and 100: • more outreach work to identify
Page 101 and 102: 10 Policing crack markets10.0 Overv
Page 103 and 104: local communities. There is growing
Page 105 and 106: He’d know me, I’d know him, you
Page 107 and 108: Table 10.1 Number of new cases who
Page 109 and 110: 108 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
Page 111 and 112: 11 Discussion and research implicat
Page 113 and 114: 11.2 Responding to crack markets an
Page 115 and 116: 11.3 Reducing the harm that crack c
Page 117 and 118: Shoplifting, burglary and robbery w
Page 119 and 120: Bourgois P (2003b) Crack and the po
Page 121 and 122: Furey M and Browne C (2004) Opiate
Page 123 and 124: Loughran H and McCann ME (2006) A c
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San Diego Police Department (1998)
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Appendix A:An evidence base for tre
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note that providing information on
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MedicationsA number of studies have
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interpersonal psychotherapy. Americ
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Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
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Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
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Appendix C:Recent HRB series public
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140 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
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