Crack cocaine in the Dublin region - Health Research Board

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Warner E (1993) Cocaine abuse. Annals of Internal Medicine, 119(3): 226–35.White HR and Gorman DM (2000) Dynamics of the drug-crime relationship. In LaFree G(ed.) Criminal justice 2000: the nature of crime: continuity and change. Washington: USDepartment of Justice.Wilson L and Stevens A (2008) Understanding drug markets and how to influence them[Electronic version]. The Beckley Foundation Drug Policy Programme. Retrieved 16 May2008 from http://www.beckleyfoundation.org/policy/reports.htmlWincup E, Buckland G and Bayliss R (2003) Youth homelessness and substance use:report to the drugs and alcohol research unit. London: Home Office.World Health Organization (2002)The rapid assessment and response guide onpsychoactive substance use and sexual risk behaviour. Geneva: World HealthOrganization.StatutesMisuse of Drugs Act 1977 (Controlled Drugs) (Declaration) Order 2006. Number 55 of2006. Dublin: Stationery Office.Misuse of Drugs Act 1988. Number 18 of 1984. Dublin: Stationery Office.Misuse of Drugs Regulations, 1988. S.I. No. 328 of 1988. Dublin: Stationery Office.Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy125
Appendix A:An evidence base for treatingcocaine and crack cocaineSource: Long J and Keenan E (2007) The evidence base for treatment of problemcocaine use. Drugnet Ireland, Spring Issue 21: 16The following is an extract taken from an annotated bibliography of studies evaluatingthe effectiveness of a variety of treatment interventions for problem cocaine use.OrganisationThe four-tier model of service delivery, which offers clients the least intensiveintervention appropriate to their need has been adopted as the framework for thefuture delivery of alcohol and drug services in Ireland; this approach should beconsidered in the development of any crack treatment strategy.Evidence base for crack treatmentThis section presents details a summary of the evidence-base for the treatment ofcocaine either powder or crack. Many of the studies reviewed include polydrug users.Where possible, the evidence is based on systematic reviews (Greenhalgh 1997). Asystematic review is an overview of primary studies that used explicit and reproduciblemethods. The treatment options examined include psychosocial approaches,complementary therapies and medications.The ideal combination of interventions selected would seek to attract persons intotreatment, retain them in treatment, reduce or cease their cocaine and other drugs use,and prevent relapse.As with all drugs except opiates, the therapeutic management of people addicted tocrack or powder cocaine is based on abstinence from cocaine use. In the initial periodfollowing cessation, the person being treated may experience an intense craving forcocaine, and symptoms such as depression, fatigue, irritability, anorexia and sleepdisturbance. The past decade has seen a sustained search for an effective treatment forthe management of cocaine dependence.The indicators used to measure the success of treatment for problem cocaine use usedin the evidence presented are: the absence of drug metabolites in the urine duringand following treatment; retention in and completion of treatment interventions; andattendance at aftercare.126 Crack cocaine in the Dublin region: an evidence base for a crack cocaine strategy
Page 1 and 2:
HRB Research Series6Crack cocaine i
Page 3 and 4:
This publication should be cited as
Page 5 and 6:
HRB Research Series publicationsto
Page 8 and 9:
ContentsList of tables and figures
Page 10 and 11:
7 Social consequences of crack use
Page 12 and 13:
List of tables and figuresTablesTab
Page 14 and 15:
AbbreviationsADRUGNDUHRBISCCSGLDTFN
Page 16 and 17:
Glossary of termsBenzos: The street
Page 18 and 19:
Executive summaryBackground and stu
Page 20 and 21:
phone and buyers are directed to sp
Page 22 and 23:
Part 1IntroductionCrack cocaine in
Page 24 and 25:
In the light of these concerns, it
Page 26 and 27:
extensive reporting in the US about
Page 28 and 29:
Ten interviews were conducted with
Page 30 and 31:
also offers potential to trace supp
Page 32 and 33:
Part 2Crack cocaine in the Dublin r
Page 34 and 35:
2.2 Criminal justice data - cocaine
Page 36 and 37:
Prevalence of crack use among homel
Page 38 and 39:
Local survey dataA survey in 2006 o
Page 40 and 41:
Respondent 1: I’d say it’s stil
Page 42 and 43:
3 Dublin crack cocaine market3.0 Ov
Page 44 and 45:
sold on the street for as little as
Page 46 and 47:
Like, I was down on M… Street in
Page 48 and 49:
3.4 Marketing crackFour interviewee
Page 50 and 51:
While crack was generally bought al
Page 52 and 53:
• Although a number of dealers, o
Page 54 and 55:
4.2 Crack use and genderAccording t
Page 56 and 57:
From about 16 to 21 I would say - t
Page 58 and 59:
Table 4.4Number of new cases who li
Page 60 and 61:
5.2 Crack and other drugsMany of th
Page 62 and 63:
Whether treated cases reported crac
Page 64 and 65:
cases of intravenous cocaine use, t
Page 66 and 67:
Table 5.5Number (%) of new cases wh
Page 68 and 69:
Part 3Consequences of crack useCrac
Page 70 and 71:
etween heroin, cocaine and crime. T
Page 72 and 73:
So, they would talk about the kind
Page 74 and 75:
Crack and prostitutionNine services
Page 76 and 77: On the other hand, reports from two
Page 78 and 79: often with a prevalence of opiate d
Page 80 and 81: The data provided by the NDTRS in S
Page 82 and 83: But you know it would be about kind
Page 84 and 85: So, debt is another significant iss
Page 86 and 87: 7.6 Key findings• A significant p
Page 88 and 89: There are considerable long-term ps
Page 90: 8.3 Psychological consequences of c
Page 93 and 94: 9 Treating crack use9.0 OverviewIn
Page 95 and 96: Some services were in a position to
Page 97 and 98: Both opiate-dependent and non-opiat
Page 99 and 100: • more outreach work to identify
Page 101 and 102: 10 Policing crack markets10.0 Overv
Page 103 and 104: local communities. There is growing
Page 105 and 106: He’d know me, I’d know him, you
Page 107 and 108: Table 10.1 Number of new cases who
Page 109 and 110: 108 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
Page 111 and 112: 11 Discussion and research implicat
Page 113 and 114: 11.2 Responding to crack markets an
Page 115 and 116: 11.3 Reducing the harm that crack c
Page 117 and 118: Shoplifting, burglary and robbery w
Page 119 and 120: Bourgois P (2003b) Crack and the po
Page 121 and 122: Furey M and Browne C (2004) Opiate
Page 123 and 124: Loughran H and McCann ME (2006) A c
Page 125: San Diego Police Department (1998)
Page 129 and 130: note that providing information on
Page 131 and 132: MedicationsA number of studies have
Page 133 and 134: interpersonal psychotherapy. Americ
Page 135 and 136: Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
Page 137 and 138: Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
Page 139 and 140: Appendix C:Recent HRB series public
Page 141 and 142: 140 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
show all

Crack cocaine in the Dublin region - Health Research Board

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?