Crack cocaine in the Dublin region - Health Research Board

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ContentsList of tables and figures 11Abbreviations 13Glossary of terms 15Executive summary 17Part 1 Introduction 211 Introduction and study design 221.0 Overview 221.1 Background and study rationale 221.2 What is crack? 241.3 Research aims and objectives 251.4 Methods and data sources 251.5 Ethical procedures 291.6 Data limitations 291.7 Format of this report 30Part 2 Crack cocaine in the Dublin region 312 Emergence and current extent of crack use in the Dublin region 322.0 Overview 322.1 Introduction 322.2 Criminal justice data – cocaine and crack seizures 332.3 Prevalence and harm-reduction data 342.4 Crack users in treatment 362.5 Crack use in local drugs task force areas 372.6 Key findings 403 Dublin crack cocaine market 413.0 Overview 413.1 Introduction – understanding drug markets 413.2 The organisational structure of the Dublin crack market 433.3 Avoiding detection: dealer risk-management strategies 44
3.4 Marketing crack 473.5 Crack houses 483.6 Price and purity 493.7 Key findings 504 Profile of Dublin crack users 524.0 Overview 524.1 Introduction – crack users: ‘the marginalised among the marginalised’ 524.2 Crack use and gender 534.3 Crack use and age 534.4 Crack use among young people 544.5 Education levels among crack users 564.6 Accommodation status of crack users 564.7 Key findings 575 Patterns of crack use and routes of administration 585.0 Overview 585.1 Introduction 585.2 Crack and other drugs 595.3 Crack and opiates 605.4 Crack cocaine and powder cocaine 625.5 Crack and intravenous cocaine use 625.6 Routes of administration 635.7 Frequency of use 645.8 Key findings 66Part 3 Consequences of crack use 676 Crack-related crime 686.0 Overview 686.1 Introduction: the drugs–crime linkage 686.2 Psycho-pharmacological crime: crack and violence 706.3 Economic compulsive crime: crack and acquisitive crime 726.4 Systemic crime: gangland violence 766.5 Common cause model 766.6 Key findings 77
Page 1 and 2: HRB Research Series6Crack cocaine i
Page 3 and 4: This publication should be cited as
Page 5 and 6: HRB Research Series publicationsto
Page 10 and 11: 7 Social consequences of crack use
Page 12 and 13: List of tables and figuresTablesTab
Page 14 and 15: AbbreviationsADRUGNDUHRBISCCSGLDTFN
Page 16 and 17: Glossary of termsBenzos: The street
Page 18 and 19: Executive summaryBackground and stu
Page 20 and 21: phone and buyers are directed to sp
Page 22 and 23: Part 1IntroductionCrack cocaine in
Page 24 and 25: In the light of these concerns, it
Page 26 and 27: extensive reporting in the US about
Page 28 and 29: Ten interviews were conducted with
Page 30 and 31: also offers potential to trace supp
Page 32 and 33: Part 2Crack cocaine in the Dublin r
Page 34 and 35: 2.2 Criminal justice data - cocaine
Page 36 and 37: Prevalence of crack use among homel
Page 38 and 39: Local survey dataA survey in 2006 o
Page 40 and 41: Respondent 1: I’d say it’s stil
Page 42 and 43: 3 Dublin crack cocaine market3.0 Ov
Page 44 and 45: sold on the street for as little as
Page 46 and 47: Like, I was down on M… Street in
Page 48 and 49: 3.4 Marketing crackFour interviewee
Page 50 and 51: While crack was generally bought al
Page 52 and 53: • Although a number of dealers, o
Page 54 and 55: 4.2 Crack use and genderAccording t
Page 56 and 57: From about 16 to 21 I would say - t
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Table 4.4Number of new cases who li
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5.2 Crack and other drugsMany of th
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Whether treated cases reported crac
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cases of intravenous cocaine use, t
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Table 5.5Number (%) of new cases wh
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Part 3Consequences of crack useCrac
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etween heroin, cocaine and crime. T
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So, they would talk about the kind
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Crack and prostitutionNine services
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On the other hand, reports from two
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often with a prevalence of opiate d
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The data provided by the NDTRS in S
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But you know it would be about kind
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So, debt is another significant iss
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7.6 Key findings• A significant p
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There are considerable long-term ps
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8.3 Psychological consequences of c
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9 Treating crack use9.0 OverviewIn
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Some services were in a position to
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Both opiate-dependent and non-opiat
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• more outreach work to identify
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10 Policing crack markets10.0 Overv
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local communities. There is growing
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He’d know me, I’d know him, you
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Table 10.1 Number of new cases who
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108 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
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11 Discussion and research implicat
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11.2 Responding to crack markets an
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11.3 Reducing the harm that crack c
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Shoplifting, burglary and robbery w
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Bourgois P (2003b) Crack and the po
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Furey M and Browne C (2004) Opiate
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Loughran H and McCann ME (2006) A c
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San Diego Police Department (1998)
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Appendix A:An evidence base for tre
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note that providing information on
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MedicationsA number of studies have
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interpersonal psychotherapy. Americ
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Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
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Jurisdiction Intervention/Descripti
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Appendix C:Recent HRB series public
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140 Crack cocaine in the Dublin reg
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Crack cocaine in the Dublin region - Health Research Board

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