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1 0 0 • s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o h i s t o ry a n d t e c h n o l o g yTable 4. Postage Due Provisionals of the 1895 PeriodNumberStamp (Value) Town/City State Known Date Provisional Type— (1- cent) Winside NE 2 July 20, 1895 “Due 1” surcharged on 1¢ regular issue newspaperAugust 6, 1895 wrappers246 (1- cent) Detroit MI 1 June 23, 1895 “Due 1” hand stamped on 1¢ ultramarine regular issuestamp. Pair on cover to make up 2¢ deficiency250 (2- cent) Detroit MI 1 June 23, 1895 “Due 2” hand stamped on 2¢ carmine regular issue stamp.Single on cover267 (2- cent) Detroit MI 1 1895 “DUE 2” hand stamped on 2¢ carmine regular issuestamp. Four overprints for “Due 8¢”264 (1- cent) Detroit MI 1 June 26, 1895 “Due 1” hand stamped on 1¢ blue regular issue stamp.Pair on cover to make up 2¢ deficiencyseries. A shortage of one- cent postagedue stamps is apparentlyexactly what happened in Thompson, New York,in October 1895; Jefferson, Iowa, in October 1895; andClinton, Iowa, in early 1896.The Thompson, New York, one- cent postage- dueshortage led to covers with J23 bisects, and the Iowashortages led to covers with J39 bisects. There are fourknown J23 bisect covers from Thompson, New York,fourteen covers 11,12 with the J39 bisect from Jefferson,Iowa, and three covers containing a J39 bisect from Clinton,Iowa.The four Thompson, New York, J23 bisects are all addressedto Mr. H.W. Tilford, Thompson Mills, Wash. Co.,N. Y., and bear the date Oct. 3, 1895. The J23 bisects areright side diagonals on two covers and one vertical (lefthalf) and one horizontal (bottom half) bisect on the othertwo covers. The diagonal bisects are cut from the upperleft to the lower right, probably indicating that the postmasteror clerk who did the bisecting was right- handed(the left hand was used to hold the stamp and the straightedge while the right hand wielded the knife or razor). Theauthor has not seen a J23 bisect cut from the upper rightto the lower left. Since the known J23 bisects include twodiagonals (right sides), the lower part of a horizontal bisect,and the left side of a vertical bisect, thus, it is conceivablethat at least four more covers exist with J23 bisectsfrom Thompson, NY. Table 5 lists these and other bisectpostage- due uses during the 1895 period.J39 BisectThe bisect covers of Jefferson, Iowa (Scott No. J39),are a legend and a source of philatelic controversy. J39Table 5. Postage Due Bisects of the 1895 PeriodNumberStamp (Value) Town/City State Known Date bisect TypeJ23 (2- cent) Thompson NY 4 Oct. 2, 1898 Diagonal (2), Vertical and HorizontalJ39 (2- cent) Jefferson IA 14 Oct. 11–13, 1895 Vertical, “Due I cent” overprintJ39 (2- cent) Clinton IA 3 Feb. 14, 1896 Diagonal, “Due 1” Hand stampJ39 (2- cent) Riverside MA 1 unknown a unknown— (2¢ and 10¢) Brooklyn NY 1 Dec 1895 2¢ and 10¢ each bisected to make 6¢ Postage Due— (2- cent) North Branch NJ 1 June 1895 Diagonal— (2- cent) Warwick rI 8 August 7, 1897 VerticalSept 11, 1897aAssumed to be during the 1895 Period
n u m b e r 5 5 • 1 0 1Figure 7. J39 bisect cover by the postmaster of Jefferson. This cover is Pauley No. 5. 11 Fromthe collection of Harry K. Charles, Jr.bisected postagedue stamps were created by PostmasterFred R. McCarthy of Jefferson, Iowa. He told the story ofthe bisects in an affidavit dated February 12, 1898. Mc-Carty’s two- page affidavit is currently mounted on twolarge album pages in the Miller Collection (owned by theNew York Public Library) with a Scott No. W301 wrapper(Pauley No. 1 See below) mounted on the bottom ofthe second page. A full- color copy of the McCarthy affidavitis shown in Trepel’s excellent publication documentingthe Miller Collection.There are several key points in the McCarthy affidavit:1. His supply of one- cent postage- dues was exhaustedand his previously requisitioned one- cent postagedueswere in transit.2. He had a local printer print “Due 1 cent” in black ona few vertically bisected two- cent postagedue stamps.3. He had 30 of these vertically bisected two- centpostage- due stamps overprinted, and he used, accordingto his recollection, somewhere between eighteenand twenty.4. Once the replacement one- cent stamps arrived fromWashington, no additional bisects were used.Both Trepel and the Scott Catalogue (in a footnote followingthe J39 listing) agree that a total of twenty bisectswere used. There is some controversy over the sequence ofprinting and bisecting between Trepel and Scott and theMcCarthy affidavit. Both Trepel and the Scott Cataloguesay the stamps were overprinted first and then bisected(which seems more logical for ease of handling and printing)while McCarthy’s statement implies that they were bisectedfirst and then overprinted (“. . . had a local printerprint ‘Postage Due 1 cent’ on a few half two- cent postagedue stamps . . .”). A more detailed discussion of this andother factors surrounding the J39 bisect has been given byCharles and Swed.A typical example of the J39 bisect is shown in Figure7. This cover is one of the thirteen examples knownto Pauley and reported by him in his excellent series ofarticles on the J39 bisect. Pauley’s articles spanned almosteighteen years from January 1973 to November 1990, duringwhich time he tried to discover and report details of allthe known J39 bisects on cover. In fact, the cover shown inFigure 7, addressed to George Herring, is No. 5 in Pauley’sarbitrary numbering scheme. This cover is franked witha copy of Scott No. 265, one- cent blue Franklin, whichwas machine cancelled (Oct 11, 1895 at 2 pm in Chicago).At the left side of the cover the words “POSTAGE DUE”were stamped in purple ink followed by a manuscript“1¢” in red ink. The word “FORWARDED” was stampedin purple ink followed by a manuscript “to Jefferson” inred ink. Also, a line in red ink is drawn through Waucoma.The left half bisect is tied by a Jefferson, Iowa circular datestamp (CDS) dated Oct 13, 1895 at 11 am.The cover is back stamped with a partially legibleWaucoma, Iowa CDS dated OCT 12, 1895 in purple ink.A purple star in a circle appears next to the WaucomaCDS. Also, the cover is back stamped with a small portion
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Smithsonian InstitutionScholarly Pr
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smithsonian contributions to histor
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ContentsLETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR OF
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AcknowledgmentsThe symposium would
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2 • s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 1 7as something
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 1 9protest came
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 2 1nals I revie
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WWI Philatelic Censuses of East Afr
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 2 5Table 1. GEA
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 2 7Figure 5. MA
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Explorations in the Official Regist
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 3 1receipts. De
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 3 3TABLE 2. Pop
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 3 5different ge
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Introduction to the Second Symposiu
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Page 59 and 60: “Food Will Win the War”: Motor
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Page 101: Introduction to the Fourth Symposiu
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Page 139 and 140: n u m b e r 5 5 • 1 2 9A Final No
Page 141 and 142: America’s First Carrier Service:T
Page 145 and 146: n u m b e r 5 5 • 1 3 5The glazed
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Page 149 and 150: n u m b e r 5 5 • 1 3 9The End of
Page 151 and 152: The U.S. 1847 Issue:Stamps That Cha
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Page 157 and 158: From the Pulpit to the Post: Anti-
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 1 5 1Individual
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