The Winton M. Blount Postal History Symposia - Smithsonian ...

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1 3 0 • s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o h i s t o ry a n d t e c h n o l o g y22. Evans in The Mulready Envelope (217–221) is thoroughin his discussion of temperance envelope designs but does notprovide dates for them23. An illustration of this pictorial envelope and furthercommentary about it appears both in Evans, The Mulready Envelope,190, and Lowe, The British Postage Stamp, 94.24. Debra N. Mancoff, Love’s Messenger: Tokens of Affectionin the Victorian Age (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago,1997), 46.25. Evans provides commentary about and reproduces twoexamples from the series of “Ackermann’s Comic Envelopes” inThe Mulready Envelope, 176–181.26. Valentine Cards collection, #268, Bath Central Library,Bath, UK.27. The two collections I examined are the Valentine Cardscollection, Special Collections, at the Bath Central Library andthe Frank Staff Collection of the Bath Postal Museum, Bath, UK.28. Item #253, Valentine Cards collection, Special Collections,Bath Central Library, Bath, UK.29. Kate Greenaway, Language of the Flowers (New York:Avenel Books, n.d.), 36–37.30. Greenaway, pp. 11, 36, 42.31. Greenaway, pp. 10, 18, 15, 27.32. Carroll, The Annotated Alice, 72.33. Valentine 1993- 08- 29 forms part of the Frank Staff Collection,Bath Postal Museum, Bath, UK.34. This quote comes from “Why is a raven like a writingdesk?” accessed December 11, 2009. http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1173/why- is- a- raven- like- a- writingdesk.35. The following website offers the Poe response and answersfrom famous people, such as Aldous Huxley: http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1173/why- is- a- raven- like- a- writingdesk.The website corrects the spelling of “nevar” to “never,” followingthe lead of an editor who thought he caught a typo in Carroll’swriting after the first printing; I have written the term as “nevar”here as Martin Gardner does in The Annotated Alice, 72. Clearly,Carroll wanted to spell the word “raven” backwards, and this“correction,” as Gardner notes, “destroyed the ingenuity of hisanswer.” Martin Gardner lists the answer about inky quills in hisannotations to The Annotated Alice, 72. At the Fourth AnnualPostal History Symposium in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, Oct. 30–Nov. 1, 2009, one audience member suggested another possibleanswer: both ravens and desks hide valuable things.BibliographyAdams, Cecil. “Why is a raven like a writing desk?” The StraightDope, April 18, 1997. http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1173/why- is- a- raven- like- a- writingdesk. Accessed December11, 2009.Briggs, Asa. Victorian Things. 1988. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress, 1989.Carroll, Lewis. The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition. Ed.Martin Gardner. Illus. John Tenniel. New York: W. W. Nortonand Co., 2000.Cohen, Morton N. Lewis Carroll: A Biography. New York: AlfredA. Knopf, 1995.Evans, E. B. The Mulready Envelope and its Caricatures. London:Stanley Gibbons, 1891.Frank Staff Collection. Valentines. Bath Postal Museum, Bath, UK.Fryer, Gavin, and Clive Akerman, eds. Fwd. Asa Briggs. TheReform of the Post Office in the Victorian Era and its Impacton Economic and Social Activity: Documentary History1837 to 1864 Based on Sir Rowland Hill’s Journal andAncillary Papers. 2 vols. London: Royal Philatelic Society,2000.Golden, Catherine J. Posting It: The Victorian Revolution inLetter Writing. Gainesville, Fla.: University Press of Florida,2009.Greenaway, Kate. Language of the Flowers. New York: AvenelBooks, n.d.Hardy, Thomas. Far From the Madding Crowd. 1874. NewYork: Bantam, 1974.Harris, David. Victorian Writing Desks. Buckinghamshire, UK:Shire, 2001.Henkin, David. The Postal Age: The Emergence of ModernCommunications in Nineteenth- Century America. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2006.Lewins, William. Her Majesty’s Mails: A History of the PostOffice and an Industrial Account of Its Present Condition.1864. 2nd ed. London: Sampson Low, Son, and Marston,1865.Lowe, Robson. The British Postage Stamp of the NineteenthCentury. London: National Postal Museum, 1968.Mancoff, Debra N. Love’s Messenger: Tokens of Affection inthe Victorian Age. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1997.Muir, Douglas. Postal Reform and the Penny Black: A New Appreciation.London: National Postal Museum, 1990.Post Circular. Or Weekly Advocate for a Cheap, Swift, and SurePostage. Ed. Henry Cole. Nos. 1–16. Wednesday, March,14, 1838–Wednesday, November 20, 1839.Shields, Carol. Jane Austen. New York: Penguin, 2001.Thackeray, William Makepeace. Vanity Fair: A Novel Without aHero. Ed. John Sutherland. Illus. W. M. Thackeray. Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1983.Valentine Cards. Special Collections. Bath Central Library, Bath,England.
America’s First Carrier Service:The U.S. City Despatch PostLarry LyonsThe origin of organized carrier service using carrier adhesives is the basisof the 1842 U.S. postal reforms. The Greig’s City Despatch Post localstamps were the first adhesive stamps printed in North America. ThePost Office Department purchased this company for use as the first carrier serviceand adopted this first stamp. The postal reforms established in the UnitedStates by the U.S. City Despatch Post, America’s first carrier service, can be summarizedas follows:1. The first use of a stamp for government purposes.2. The established rate of three cents per stamp or $2.50 per hundred.3. The first government handstamp. The creation of the “U.S.” in an octagonto cancel stamps and prevent their reuse.4. The first government datestamp to show the date and time of delivery.5. The first adhesive design for use by the United States City Despatch Post, theScott Specialized Catalogue listed 6LB3 stamp.6. The creation of various color adhesives on unsurfaced paper coloredthrough.7. The first adhesive stamp printed on glazed surface colored paper for use bythe government.8. The first double impression errors.9. The Postal Act of March 1845, effective July 1, 1845, putting the independentmail companies out of business for intercity mail.10. The first use of adhesive stamps by the government for pre- payment of postageon intercity mail.11. The first government overprinted stamp due to a change in the fee for carrierservice.This is a unique story about how the government started a carrier servicein New York City with the issuance of carrier adhesives and handstamp devicesand was forced to close down due to competition from the local posts. For once,free enterprise triumphed over the government. This was a first attempt at U.S.postal organization using carrier adhesives.By an order of the postmaster general on August 1, 1842, a carrier servicewas established in New York known as the “United States City DespatchPost.” In order to get started with carrier service, the Post Office Department felt
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Smithsonian InstitutionScholarly Pr
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smithsonian contributions to histor
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ContentsLETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR OF
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AcknowledgmentsThe symposium would
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2 • s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t
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1 0 • s m i t h s o n i a n c o n
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“Little Colored Bits of Paper”C
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 1 7as something
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 1 9protest came
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 2 1nals I revie
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WWI Philatelic Censuses of East Afr
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 2 5Table 1. GEA
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 2 7Figure 5. MA
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Explorations in the Official Regist
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 3 1receipts. De
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 3 3TABLE 2. Pop
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 3 5different ge
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Introduction to the Second Symposiu
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“Food Will Win the War”: Motor
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 5 1business tha
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 5 3support for
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 5 53. “Postal
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 5 7“Farmers W
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Picking Up the Pieces: The Aftermat
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 7 3and U.S. adm
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 7 5September, 1
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 7 7Figure 9. Th
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