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1 0 4 • s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o h i s t o ry a n d t e c h n o l o g y10. Nutmeg Stamp Sales, “Comprehensive Mail Auction 184,United States, British Commonwealth and Worldwide SelectedStamps, Postal History and Premium Graded Stamps”, Tuesday,June 9, 2009 Bethel, Connecticut, Lot No. 3172 page 34.11. Harry K. Charles, Jr. and Robert C. Swed “Thirteen andCounting: Reflections on the Scott J39 Bisect Covers of 1895,”The United States Specialist, Volume 80, No. 9, September 2009,pp 410–419.12. James A. Pauley, Jr., “The J39 Bisect- Example Number13,” The United States Specialist, Volume 61, No. 11, November1990, pp 617–622.13. A recent private communication with William Sihler(September 14, 2009) suggests that the “I” in the “Due I cent”overprint was indeed a “1” from a non- lining set of numeralsin the Oldstyle No. 7 (Monotype) or a closely related typefacewhich was in use during the 1890s.14. It is estimated that less than fifty covers containing bisectsand provisionals as described in this study exist. This studylists a total of thirty- eight uses with the bisect stamped coverstotaling thirty- one.BibliographyBower, Warrant R. “The 1895 Bisected J23 Dues of Thomson,New York.” The United States Specialist, 54(2):88–89. February1983.———. “Puzzles in 1894 ABN Transfer of its Postage Dues toBEP.” The United States Specialist, 56(4):153–156. April,1985.Charles, Harry K. Jr., and Robert C. Swed. “Thirteen andCounting: Reflections on the Scott J39 Bisect Covers of1895.” The United States Specialist, 80(9):410–419. September2009.“Comprehensive Mail Auction 184: United States British Commonwealthand Worldwide Selected Stamps, Postal Historyand Premium Graded Stamps.” Lot No. 3172, p 34. Bethel,Conn: Nutmeg Stamp Sales, June 9, 2009.Dickey, Budd. “The Beginning of Postage Stamp Production bythe Bureau of Engraving and Printing.” The United StatesSpecialist, 55(11):487–493. November 1984.Luff, John N. The Postage Stamps of the United States. NewYork: Scott Stamp and Coin Company, 1902.McIntire, Walter A. “United States Postage Due Stamps: TheBroken 3¢ Die- Series of 1894.” The Bureau Specialist,36(4):124–126. April 1965.Noll, Frank. “Postage and Progressivism: Political Ideology andthe Start of the Postage Stamp Production at the Bureau ofEngraving and Printing 1893–1894.” Paper presented at theWinton M. Blount Symposium on Postal History, November3–4, 2006. http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu/symposium2006/abstracts.html#Noll.Pauley, James A. Jr. “The J39 Bisect- Example Number 13.” TheUnited States Specialist, 61(11):617–622. November 1990.Scott 2010 Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps. 88thed. Sidney, Oh.: Scott Publishing Co., 2009.Trepel, Scott R. Rarity Revealed: The Benjamin K. Miller Collection.Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian National PostalMuseum, 2006.
Sunday Mail Controversy, Postal Reform,and Mail TransportationDiane DeBlois and Robert Dalton HarrisIntroductionThe Sunday Mail controversies of 1810–1817 and 1828–1831 were thefirst broad- based initiatives of the American public to influence federalpolicy for what was perceived as moral good. 1 The forms of protestused—hundreds of petitions and scores of memorials to Congress—introducedtools of advocacy that proponents of postal reform would use to good advantagein the 1840s. In these political terms, the Sunday Mail conflict presaged the1845 postal reform.But the rejection by Congress of the anti- Sabbatarian protest in favor of SundayMails reveals confidence in some ‘first principles’ of the United States postalsystem—the primacy of a ‘line of posts’ that should not be interrupted, and theaim of transporting the mail along with passengers wherever possible. The PostalReform Act of 1845 confirmed that celerity, certainty, and security were the fundamentalaims of the Post Office Department and signaled a change from stage coachto railroad—both for personal mobility and for the transportation of the mail.Johnson’s Reports on Sunday MailsThe postal service was the one arm of the federal government with intimateconnections to all Americans—so it had enormous political potential. 2Consider Richard Mentor Johnson of Kentucky’s extraordinarily activecampaign for the vice presidency. He first angled for Andrew Jackson’s ticketin the 1832 election but withdrew when it was clear Martin Van Buren wasthe favorite. For the 1836 election, Van Buren was the clear Democratic choicefor president, but several others were jockeying for the second position. TheDemocratic national convention was held in Baltimore, May 20–22 1835,and Johnson followers had at least three campaign bandanas to wave in hisfavor—each reprinting one of his Sunday Mail reports. 3 One Boston and twoBaltimore publishers exactly reproduced the texts on silk—Henry Bowen forJared Austin, Boston: Johnson’s Report on Sunday Mails. In Congress, March 4,1830; James Lovegrove, Baltimore: Report of the committee of the Senate ofthe United States to whom was referred the several memorials on the subject
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Smithsonian InstitutionScholarly Pr
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smithsonian contributions to histor
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ContentsLETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR OF
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AcknowledgmentsThe symposium would
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 1 7as something
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 2 5Table 1. GEA
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 2 7Figure 5. MA
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Explorations in the Official Regist
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n u m b e r 5 5 • 3 1receipts. De
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Introduction to the Second Symposiu
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