RAINFOR GEM Intensive Plots Manual (pdf) - University of Oxford

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A tall tree close to plot B North, Sabah, Malaysia (estimated 50-60 m tall).In addition to the eyes-estimate of height recorded during tree censusing (see §1.3 and ‘Method 2’ in Chave2005), as many trees as possible 41 should be measured more accurately with either a clinometer (see e.g.Hairiah et al. 2001, ‘Method 1’ in Chave 2005, Banin et al. 2012) or, preferably, a laser rangefinder (Banin etal. 2012). If using a rangefinder, you will find that it is difficult to fix on distant foliage so range to the highestvisible branch (e.g. the smallest branch that can be fixed on) and adjust the height upwards by an amount basedon the position of this branch relative to the crown top.Note that for trees where the top is not easily visible (e.g. the tall tree above), you should find a point farenough away that you can see the crown top 42 (e.g. Chave 2005 suggests distances ≤10 m for small trees, ≥30m for tall emergents). For leaning trees and/or sloping terrain, range not only to the tree top but also - separatelybut without moving the tripod - to the tree base and use trigonometry to deduce the stem length (Marthews etal. in prep.). If you have recorded both bole height and total height in the tree census (see §1.3), rangeseparately also to the first major branch point. For the subset of trees measured more accurately, generate aregression of eyes-estimated height against true height and use this to identify outliers and then recheck thoseheights.Height-diameter relationships derived from closely located plots (e.g. regional clusters) provide the bestestimate of tree height for unmeasured trees. Where height data are not available, tree height may also beestimated in plots that lack plot-specific height models by applying continental (Banin et al. 2012) or regionalheight models (Feldpausch et al. 2011).41 It has been suggested to follow a standardised sampling protocol, e.g. 50 stems per hectare (inc. both leaning and straight), 10 persize class (10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, >50 cm DPOM) plus the 10 largest stems, if not already included (this protocol is similar tothose discussed in Banin et al. 2012). This usually equates to 2-3 days work.42 It is not necessary to measure every tree from the same distance (e.g. 15 m, 20 m, 30 m), but the distance to the base should berecorded for each tree.28
1.6 Sketch map of the plotAt this point it is useful to make a sketch map of the plot to show where the subplots are:Sketch map of the Maliau-Belian plot, Sabah, Malaysia (actually, this sketch was made after the in-growth cores had gone in §2.1 butbefore the rhizotrons §2.2). Additionally, litter traps are sited at the centre of each subplot (not marked). Note that in this plot five fullsubplots were censused for small trees rather than the standard five 10 m × 10 m squares (§1.4).29
Page 1: Measuring Tropical ForestCarbon All
Page 5 and 6: ContentsTHE RAINFOR-GEM INTENSIVE C
Page 7 and 8: The RAINFOR-GEM Intensive Carbon Mo
Page 9 and 10: What are the RAINFOR-GEM protocols?
Page 11 and 12: Where can I get data from existing
Page 13 and 14: Two RAINFOR-GEM hectare plots in th
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Setting out the plotSubplot cor
Page 17 and 18: An example surveying path (cf. Cond
Page 19 and 20: Required for jobs that can be sched
Page 21 and 22: Tree #487 in Fragment E plot where
Page 23 and 24: 1.4 Tagging small trees*** Note tha
Page 25 and 26: does, measure underneath the lean o
Page 27 and 28: Measuring a liana at three points i
Page 29 and 30: BOX 2: Five unusual trees.Example 1
Page 31 and 32: Example 3: Here is a large liana on
Page 33: 1.5 Tree heightTree height should b
Page 37 and 38: 2. BELOW GROUND MEASUREMENTSWe star
Page 39 and 40: Next, insert the cylindrical core i
Page 41 and 42: BOX 3: How to make an in-growth cor
Page 43 and 44: 2.2 RhizotronsRoot observation pits
Page 45 and 46: sure that it covers the hole but no
Page 47 and 48: An example rhizotron transparency f
Page 49 and 50: Analysis: First, calculate the sum
Page 51 and 52: A metallic rhizotron as in use at t
Page 53 and 54: 2.3 Coarse rootsNeither in-growth c
Page 55 and 56: 3. CO 2 EFFLUX3.1 Total soil CO 2 e
Page 57 and 58: 3.2 Stem CO 2 effluxFirst, choose t
Page 59 and 60: e related to stem growth) to check
Page 61 and 62: Equipment: IRGA and SRC-1, PVC coll
Page 63 and 64: Control No litter Double litterNo e
Page 65 and 66: the S3 hole. Finally, discard the l
Page 67 and 68: 3.4 Coarse woody debris (CWD) CO 2
Page 69 and 70: 4.2 Coarse woody debris (CWD) surve
Page 71 and 72: all of the large, marked wood piece
Page 73 and 74: Equipment: 25 litter traps per ha (
Page 75 and 76: this select the straight line drawi
Page 77 and 78: http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/research/ec
Page 79 and 80: • The tripod is level so that the
Page 81 and 82: 8. WEATHER AND CLIMATELocal climate
Page 83 and 84: Luiz Aragão repairing an understor
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10. DATA ENTRY AND SERVER UPLOADA c
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APPENDIX I: RAINFOR-GEM Fieldwork c
Page 89 and 90:
APPENDIX II: How to use an EGM-4 In
Page 91 and 92:
• Remember to change the switch i
Page 93 and 94:
CO 2 efflux calculationsWhile the E
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The volume V airspace (stippled) be
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CO 2 flux measurements with EGM: A
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Downloading dataEGM memory can stor
Page 101 and 102:
APPENDIX III: Possible schedule of
Page 103 and 104:
Gerwing JJ, Schnitzer SA, Burnham R
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