RAINFOR GEM Intensive Plots Manual (pdf) - University of Oxford

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collars. The purpose of this initial measurement is to estimate pre-existing spatial variation between collars ineach group.Sorting through for roots in two soil samples (Alizabat Rusilie and Rihan bin Rahim in Malaysia) and a soil collar in the process ofbeing inserted into Row 2.It is easiest to do this in a team of 3 (if you are lucky enough to have enough people for two teams of three,double all equipment above except the PVC collars). At present (2012), we follow protocol option 2 in Ghanaand Gabon, but protocol option 1 elsewhere (concentrating on slightly different aspects of partitioning), but werecommend protocol option 2 for all future installations.Partitioning Experiment protocol option 1: dividing all CO 2 efflux componentsAt each grid, designate the area for collar installation and nominate only two workers to be allowed within thisarea (all others remain outside to minimise disturbance, passing items to and from the nominated two asrequired during installation). Do the four grids of 10 collars first.56
Control No litter Double litterNo exclusionRoot exclusionRoot + mycorrhizaeexclusionStart with the ‘row 1’ collars (C1, S1, D1): remove litter from C1 (place the collar on the ground and cut thelitter with a knife all round the outside of the collar, then lift gently off and place on a small bag which is thenplaced outside the installation area). Likewise remove the litter from S1 and D1. Next, hammer the collarsgently into the soil with the mallet, leaving 5 cm above ground. Replace the litter from C1 where it came fromand then place the litter from both S1 and D1 combined onto D1. Replace the absent litter layer on S1 withgravel.Next, row 2 (C2, S2, D2): remove the litter layers onto sample bags as before, then use the post-hole diggerto dig three 35 cm deep holes, retaining all soil separately on three large bags. Next, time 20 minutes and havethree people sorting through these three soil samples for roots (remove only roots: stones, twigs, leaves,earthworms or any other items remain in the sample; only one person per sample; these roots do not need to beweighed). Insert the long collars with windows into the three holes (windows at the top, but positioned so thatthe top of the upper window is just below the soil surface) and refill the hole with the root-free soil (compactingdown slightly as required to approximate the density of surrounding soil). Finally, replace the litter onto C2,gravel onto S2 and the litter from both S2 and D2 combined onto D2. Be particularly careful with the meshcollars (row 2) to (1) ensure that soil is contacting the mesh windows on both sides, and (2) the mesh windowsare not broken (by, for example, protruding roots or over-compacted soil). If there is not sufficient soil to fillthe collars to the same level as the surrounding soil (or the gap between the collar and margin of the hole),gather extra root-free soil from outside the plot.Row 3 (C3, S3, D3): exactly as for row 2 except that collars without windows are used.The final 10 cm collar for this subplot should be labelled “10” and placed at least 50 cm away from the3 × 3 grid in a random direction 69 . For this one, hammer it gently into the ground as for normal soil CO 2 effluxbut then remove both the litter layer and the soil down to the mineral soil / “B” horizon 70 . Fill back to groundlevel with gravel.All of the above is repeated at four sites per ha.69 Thanks for Liliana Durand for the suggestion of adding this extra treatment to the design.70 In practice it is difficult to tell where the mineral layer begins, however it is sufficient to remove the top few cm of soil down towherever a visible colour change occurs.57
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Measuring Tropical ForestCarbon All
Page 5 and 6:
ContentsTHE RAINFOR-GEM INTENSIVE C
Page 7 and 8:
The RAINFOR-GEM Intensive Carbon Mo
Page 9 and 10:
What are the RAINFOR-GEM protocols?
Page 11 and 12: Where can I get data from existing
Page 13 and 14: Two RAINFOR-GEM hectare plots in th
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Setting out the plotSubplot cor
Page 17 and 18: An example surveying path (cf. Cond
Page 19 and 20: Required for jobs that can be sched
Page 21 and 22: Tree #487 in Fragment E plot where
Page 23 and 24: 1.4 Tagging small trees*** Note tha
Page 25 and 26: does, measure underneath the lean o
Page 27 and 28: Measuring a liana at three points i
Page 29 and 30: BOX 2: Five unusual trees.Example 1
Page 31 and 32: Example 3: Here is a large liana on
Page 33 and 34: 1.5 Tree heightTree height should b
Page 35 and 36: 1.6 Sketch map of the plotAt this p
Page 37 and 38: 2. BELOW GROUND MEASUREMENTSWe star
Page 39 and 40: Next, insert the cylindrical core i
Page 41 and 42: BOX 3: How to make an in-growth cor
Page 43 and 44: 2.2 RhizotronsRoot observation pits
Page 45 and 46: sure that it covers the hole but no
Page 47 and 48: An example rhizotron transparency f
Page 49 and 50: Analysis: First, calculate the sum
Page 51 and 52: A metallic rhizotron as in use at t
Page 53 and 54: 2.3 Coarse rootsNeither in-growth c
Page 55 and 56: 3. CO 2 EFFLUX3.1 Total soil CO 2 e
Page 57 and 58: 3.2 Stem CO 2 effluxFirst, choose t
Page 59 and 60: e related to stem growth) to check
Page 61: Equipment: IRGA and SRC-1, PVC coll
Page 65 and 66: the S3 hole. Finally, discard the l
Page 67 and 68: 3.4 Coarse woody debris (CWD) CO 2
Page 69 and 70: 4.2 Coarse woody debris (CWD) surve
Page 71 and 72: all of the large, marked wood piece
Page 73 and 74: Equipment: 25 litter traps per ha (
Page 75 and 76: this select the straight line drawi
Page 77 and 78: http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/research/ec
Page 79 and 80: • The tripod is level so that the
Page 81 and 82: 8. WEATHER AND CLIMATELocal climate
Page 83 and 84: Luiz Aragão repairing an understor
Page 85 and 86: 10. DATA ENTRY AND SERVER UPLOADA c
Page 87 and 88: APPENDIX I: RAINFOR-GEM Fieldwork c
Page 89 and 90: APPENDIX II: How to use an EGM-4 In
Page 91 and 92: • Remember to change the switch i
Page 93 and 94: CO 2 efflux calculationsWhile the E
Page 95 and 96: The volume V airspace (stippled) be
Page 97 and 98: CO 2 flux measurements with EGM: A
Page 99 and 100: Downloading dataEGM memory can stor
Page 101 and 102: APPENDIX III: Possible schedule of
Page 103 and 104: Gerwing JJ, Schnitzer SA, Burnham R
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