RAINFOR GEM Intensive Plots Manual (pdf) - University of Oxford

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To measure stem CO 2 efflux (commonly called “stem respiration” 58 ), place the SRC firmly onto thecollar, maintain pressure on the chamber and commence IRGA measurement (Appx. II). For eachmeasurement, carefully check the CO 2 accumulation curve to ensure that any initial CO 2 flush period is notincluded in the calculation of fluxes.Record CO 2 efflux with the IRGA and SRC system from each collar every month 59 (or as often asresources allow) (Appx. II).Equipment: 50 PVC collars (5 cm long and of a diameter to fit the SRC-1, see Appx. II; perhaps also a coupleof spares), Fix-All sealant 60 (one 290 ml sealant tube can do 6-7 stems; if Fix-All is not available, use fume-freeimpermeable putty), an applicator/sealant gun (and two spares because they break easily), strong scissors,compass, map, perhaps a metal spoon (if possible; not necessary because you can smooth the sealant using afinger), a rag for removing excess sealant and a list of the tree numbers to be used.Time required: estimate a day to do a 1 ha plot in a team of two.CO 2 efflux measurements provide a mean value for each plot of CO 2 flux per unit area of stem surface (abovethe bark). To derive a rough estimate of stand-scale stem CO 2 efflux, per unit ground area, first calculate stemsurface area for each individual tree (A stem in m 2 , which is the surface area of all above-ground wood exceptsmall twigs, not just the bole surface area A bole ) with either the equation for the surface area of a cylinder (forpalms, tree ferns and other branchless tree forms):DPOMAstem= Abole= 3.1416 * * H100or for all other stems use equation 10 of Chambers et al. (2004) 61 :boleA stem23−0.105−0.686X + 2.208 X −0.627X= 10where X=log 10 (DPOM in cm)where DPOM is the diameter at the POM of the tree and H bole is the bole height of that stem (in m; i.e. up to thefirst major branch point except for palms where it is up to the base of the lowest living leaf sheath- see §1.5) 62 .Then sum (1) the surface areas of every stem >10 cm diameter and (2) 25 * the average over the ‘small trees’subplots of surface areas for small tree stems
e related to stem growth) to check for any unusual outliers. To calculate stand-scale stem CO 2 efflux simplymultiply the mean value per unit stem area by the estimated total plot stem area 63 .63 Chambers et al. (2004) mentioned that stem respiration per unit area may increase with height in the canopy, making this estimate aslight underestimate.53
Page 1:
Measuring Tropical ForestCarbon All
Page 5 and 6:
ContentsTHE RAINFOR-GEM INTENSIVE C
Page 7 and 8: The RAINFOR-GEM Intensive Carbon Mo
Page 9 and 10: What are the RAINFOR-GEM protocols?
Page 11 and 12: Where can I get data from existing
Page 13 and 14: Two RAINFOR-GEM hectare plots in th
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Setting out the plotSubplot cor
Page 17 and 18: An example surveying path (cf. Cond
Page 19 and 20: Required for jobs that can be sched
Page 21 and 22: Tree #487 in Fragment E plot where
Page 23 and 24: 1.4 Tagging small trees*** Note tha
Page 25 and 26: does, measure underneath the lean o
Page 27 and 28: Measuring a liana at three points i
Page 29 and 30: BOX 2: Five unusual trees.Example 1
Page 31 and 32: Example 3: Here is a large liana on
Page 33 and 34: 1.5 Tree heightTree height should b
Page 35 and 36: 1.6 Sketch map of the plotAt this p
Page 37 and 38: 2. BELOW GROUND MEASUREMENTSWe star
Page 39 and 40: Next, insert the cylindrical core i
Page 41 and 42: BOX 3: How to make an in-growth cor
Page 43 and 44: 2.2 RhizotronsRoot observation pits
Page 45 and 46: sure that it covers the hole but no
Page 47 and 48: An example rhizotron transparency f
Page 49 and 50: Analysis: First, calculate the sum
Page 51 and 52: A metallic rhizotron as in use at t
Page 53 and 54: 2.3 Coarse rootsNeither in-growth c
Page 55 and 56: 3. CO 2 EFFLUX3.1 Total soil CO 2 e
Page 57: 3.2 Stem CO 2 effluxFirst, choose t
Page 61 and 62: Equipment: IRGA and SRC-1, PVC coll
Page 63 and 64: Control No litter Double litterNo e
Page 65 and 66: the S3 hole. Finally, discard the l
Page 67 and 68: 3.4 Coarse woody debris (CWD) CO 2
Page 69 and 70: 4.2 Coarse woody debris (CWD) surve
Page 71 and 72: all of the large, marked wood piece
Page 73 and 74: Equipment: 25 litter traps per ha (
Page 75 and 76: this select the straight line drawi
Page 77 and 78: http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/research/ec
Page 79 and 80: • The tripod is level so that the
Page 81 and 82: 8. WEATHER AND CLIMATELocal climate
Page 83 and 84: Luiz Aragão repairing an understor
Page 85 and 86: 10. DATA ENTRY AND SERVER UPLOADA c
Page 87 and 88: APPENDIX I: RAINFOR-GEM Fieldwork c
Page 89 and 90: APPENDIX II: How to use an EGM-4 In
Page 91 and 92: • Remember to change the switch i
Page 93 and 94: CO 2 efflux calculationsWhile the E
Page 95 and 96: The volume V airspace (stippled) be
Page 97 and 98: CO 2 flux measurements with EGM: A
Page 99 and 100: Downloading dataEGM memory can stor
Page 101 and 102: APPENDIX III: Possible schedule of
Page 103 and 104: Gerwing JJ, Schnitzer SA, Burnham R
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