RAINFOR GEM Intensive Plots Manual (pdf) - University of Oxford

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1.7 RecensusingA new plot census should be conducted every year in GEM plots to incorporate new recruits into the survey.Every recensus should be carried out as close as possible to the same time of year as the original census. Whenrecensusing an existing plot, the protocols are essentially identical, however please note the following:• Trees that have died since the last census need to be censused and coded (see Appx. I for details). Oncedead, these stems will be measured in the CWD survey §4.2 (see Baker & Chao 2011).• ‘Unlikely’ recruits: Occasionally, relatively large trees of slow-growing species may ‘appear’ in theplot. We assume these were missed in the previous census and calculate their previous diameter usingthe median growth rate of the appropriate size class (10-20, 20-40 and 40+ cm) (Phillips et al. 2009).• Missing data: Use linear interpolation to estimate diameters of trees that have been missed duringintermediate censuses (Phillips et al. 2009).• Abnormal growth: Correct obvious typos in previous census data in the field. Often, incorrectmeasurements show up when a plot has several censuses, as odd measurements in an otherwise steadysequence. In these cases interpolated values are used (Phillips et al. 2009).• Over time, tree growth means that tags attached by nails may find their nails become ‘eaten’ by the treeand wire, thread, tape or twine may decompose (Condit 1998). Extra nails and/or twine should be takenalong to allow some trees to be ‘re-tagged’ during each census.• When remeasuring trees, if the top of buttress has grown within 30 cm of the marked POM (sometimescalled ‘buttress creep’), in addition to measuring at original POM, measure diameter 50 cm above thefirst POM and paint the new POM, not the old POM. Discard low POMs as buttress extends over themwith time. This procedure ensures that there is always a consistent, non-buttressed measurement ofdiameter growth (Phillips et al. 2009, Lopez-Gonzalez et al. 2011).• When lianas slip to the ground or produce new adventitious roots, change the POM(s) accordingly (seecomments in Gerwing et al. 2006, Schnitzer et al. 2008). Lianas that die due to death of the host but notimmediately (i.e. there is a census when the liana is on the ground) should still be coded as multipledeath (see Appx. I).In all cases of correction, a record should be kept of the original measurement, the presumed error, and thecorrection made (see Flag 4, Appx. I). In the case of a change in POM, take one measurement at the originalPOM and another at the new POM (n.b. this only needs to be done in the year of the POM change, and insubsequent censuses only measure at the newest POM; for more information on Managing Point ofMeasurement (POM) changes, see Lopez-Gonzalez et al. 2011:Appx.S2).30
2. BELOW GROUND MEASUREMENTSWe start with roots. Because of the importance of the root component, we measure root biomass using twoindependent protocols: in-growth cores and rhizotrons. In-growth cores measure surface root biomass andgrowth (
Page 1: Measuring Tropical ForestCarbon All
Page 5 and 6: ContentsTHE RAINFOR-GEM INTENSIVE C
Page 7 and 8: The RAINFOR-GEM Intensive Carbon Mo
Page 9 and 10: What are the RAINFOR-GEM protocols?
Page 11 and 12: Where can I get data from existing
Page 13 and 14: Two RAINFOR-GEM hectare plots in th
Page 15 and 16: 1.2 Setting out the plotSubplot cor
Page 17 and 18: An example surveying path (cf. Cond
Page 19 and 20: Required for jobs that can be sched
Page 21 and 22: Tree #487 in Fragment E plot where
Page 23 and 24: 1.4 Tagging small trees*** Note tha
Page 25 and 26: does, measure underneath the lean o
Page 27 and 28: Measuring a liana at three points i
Page 29 and 30: BOX 2: Five unusual trees.Example 1
Page 31 and 32: Example 3: Here is a large liana on
Page 33 and 34: 1.5 Tree heightTree height should b
Page 35: 1.6 Sketch map of the plotAt this p
Page 39 and 40: Next, insert the cylindrical core i
Page 41 and 42: BOX 3: How to make an in-growth cor
Page 43 and 44: 2.2 RhizotronsRoot observation pits
Page 45 and 46: sure that it covers the hole but no
Page 47 and 48: An example rhizotron transparency f
Page 49 and 50: Analysis: First, calculate the sum
Page 51 and 52: A metallic rhizotron as in use at t
Page 53 and 54: 2.3 Coarse rootsNeither in-growth c
Page 55 and 56: 3. CO 2 EFFLUX3.1 Total soil CO 2 e
Page 57 and 58: 3.2 Stem CO 2 effluxFirst, choose t
Page 59 and 60: e related to stem growth) to check
Page 61 and 62: Equipment: IRGA and SRC-1, PVC coll
Page 63 and 64: Control No litter Double litterNo e
Page 65 and 66: the S3 hole. Finally, discard the l
Page 67 and 68: 3.4 Coarse woody debris (CWD) CO 2
Page 69 and 70: 4.2 Coarse woody debris (CWD) surve
Page 71 and 72: all of the large, marked wood piece
Page 73 and 74: Equipment: 25 litter traps per ha (
Page 75 and 76: this select the straight line drawi
Page 77 and 78: http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/research/ec
Page 79 and 80: • The tripod is level so that the
Page 81 and 82: 8. WEATHER AND CLIMATELocal climate
Page 83 and 84: Luiz Aragão repairing an understor
Page 85 and 86: 10. DATA ENTRY AND SERVER UPLOADA c
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APPENDIX I: RAINFOR-GEM Fieldwork c
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APPENDIX II: How to use an EGM-4 In
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• Remember to change the switch i
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CO 2 efflux calculationsWhile the E
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The volume V airspace (stippled) be
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CO 2 flux measurements with EGM: A
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Downloading dataEGM memory can stor
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APPENDIX III: Possible schedule of
Page 103 and 104:
Gerwing JJ, Schnitzer SA, Burnham R
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