OPERATIONSChoosing different incentive models is not, however, the primary taskwhen reducing operating costs. The company is working actively toreduce operating costs mainly through operational optimisation ofexisting systems and, where it is possible and profitable, through theintroduction of new, more energy-efficient technical systems. Knowledgeof energy use in buildings is a critical area of expertise in orderto be able to implement efficiency-enhancing measures and technicalsystem changeovers. This expertise is available within <strong>Akademiska</strong><strong>Hus</strong> through the Company’s management personnel.Examples of new technical systems are the large ground storagefacilities for heating and cooling that have been installed in Lund, Örebro,Gothenburg and Karlstad. In Kristianstad, planning for a groundstorage facility is in progress.The successful negotiations by <strong>Akademiska</strong> <strong>Hus</strong> with energyDirektaPrivata suppliers medel, have 65% contributed statsanslag, to keeping 65% increases in operating costs,despite everything, on a reasonable level. A further means of reducingoperating costs is Group procurement of electricity on the Nordpoolelectricity exchange. To deal with possible increases in the price ofelectricity, 76 per cent of the estimated use for 2008 was hedged as ofthe turn of the year.ÖvrigaEnergy activitiesoffentligamedel, <strong>Akademiska</strong> 65% <strong>Hus</strong> has for some time made use of a common systemfor the collection, monitoring and follow-up of its energy use. As thelast locations transfer completely to the new system we are makingsignificant headway. The system allows hourly collection for ourholdings and following compilation of the readings a collective pictureof the energy use is acquired. With the aid of our data store thisinformation is used jointly and is presented in a number of differenttools, including our web-based customer portal. The system alsoallows our customers to have their energy use separated monthlybased on actual use. With these solutions we can find incentives forus as a landlord, together with our customers, to influence ourenergy consumption.During 2006-2007 a training programme was run for around 200engineers, technicians and managers within the Group. The programmecovered the basics of the technical systems in our buildings as well as anumber of methods to detect and rectify shortcomings or areas thatoffer savings potential. The aim of the programme has been to find savingspotential within our property holdings without this affecting theindoor climate. The ‘Pallette’ tool developed within <strong>Akademiska</strong> <strong>Hus</strong>was used continuously during the programme as a reference. This collectionof tangible advice is one of the basic elements in our energy-savingprogramme.During 2008, <strong>Akademiska</strong> <strong>Hus</strong> property holdings will undergo anenergy declaration procedure. An energy declaration describes theenergy use of the building and is based on an EU directive aimed atmaking our buildings more energy efficient.The declarations will be prepared by external energy experts andwill take place continuously throughout the country during 2008. Theaim of the energy declarations is to find energy measures without thistaking place at the expense of the indoor climate, which must remainthe same. The energy experts, together with <strong>Akademiska</strong> <strong>Hus</strong> personnel,will produce information and proposals for measures that will becost-effective. A summary of the energy declaration will be posted in theentrances to our buildings.Operating cost breakdown 2007Operating costs – proportion of rental income, %Labour cost,operation, SEK 83 mOther, SEK 41 m20Refuse collection,SEK 14 mSupervision andmaintenance ofbuildings, SEK 67 mEnergy,fuel, water,SEK 530 m191817Land costs,maintenanceetc. SEK 51 m161520032004200520062007Operating cost 2006–2007, SEK m600500400300200100Operating costsSEK m900720540360180SEK250200150100500Energy, fuel,waterLand costs,maintenance etc.Supervision andmaintenance, buildingsRefusecollectionLabour cost,operationOther2006 200702003200420052006Operating costsOf which energy, fuel and waterOperating costs, SEK/m 2 floor spaceOf which energy, fuel and water SEK/m 2 floor space2007042 <strong>Akademiska</strong> <strong>Hus</strong> <strong>Annual</strong> <strong>Report</strong> 2007 | Operating costs
Maintenance costsStable maintenance levelMaintenance costs are the measures taken to reinstate worn ordamaged parts of a building to their original standard and function.Maintenance costs for the year totalled SEK 658 million (624). Sinceit was founded <strong>Akademiska</strong> <strong>Hus</strong> has focused on maintenance measureswith the aim of improving the standard of the property holdings,which is now considered to be very satisfactory. As a result ofthe measures taken earlier the maintenance costs, in relative terms,are expected to fall in the future. Variations between individual yearscan, however, be relatively large as a result of changes in the volumeof redevelopment. Viewed over time, maintenance costs have developedin line with rental income and net operating profit. Of the maintenancecosts, SEK 271 million (257) refers to emergency andplanned maintenance, SEK 271 million (252) refers to maintenancein projects and SEK 116 million (115) refers to customer adaptations.Averaged for the Group, maintenance costs for the year totalled SEK204/m 2 (192). Emergency and planned maintenance was SEK 84/m 2(79) and maintenance in projects was SEK 84/m 2 (78). A regionalbreakdown of the maintenance costs is shown in the table below.The maintenance costs vary between regions, mainly as a result ofmaintenance in projects in conjunction with redevelopment.In the South Region three major redevelopments took placeduring 2007 which involved maintenance measures. These are therenovation of the mansion in Alnarp, which resulted in maintenanceat a cost of SEK 30 million, in Lund at the Lund University TechnologyTransfer Office (TTO) amounting to SEK 17 million and the SkåneRegion information technology services department amounting toSEK 13 million.In Uppsala there were two major redevelopment projects duringthe year that resulted in maintenance measures. These are theEducation Building in Ultuna, amounting to SEK 35 million, and theEnglish Park building 4 for the Department of Domestic Science at acost of SEK 24 million. In Stockholm there was the redevelopment ofthe College of Naprapathy on the Frescati campus at a cost of SEK20 million and the Tre Vapen property for the Swedish EnvironmentalProtection Agency at a cost of SEK 12 million.Privata medel, 65%Direktastatsanslag, 65%RegionMaintenance costs, SEK m South West East Uppsala Stockholm North TotalEmergency and planned maintenance 42 43 28 44 82 33 271Maintenance in projects 78 31 14 89 43 16 271Customer adaptations 24 16 18 25 11 22 116Total maintenance costs 144 90 59 158 136 71 658Maintenance costs in SEK/m 2 Övriga285 181 180 288 145 175 204offentligaof which emergency and planned maintenance, SEK/m medel, 65% 82 87 85 79 88 81 84of which maintenance in projects, SEK/m 2 155 62 41 163 46 40 84of which customer adaptations, SEK/m 2 47 33 54 46 11 54 36Maintenance costsMaintenance costs 2007Maintenance costs, %SEK mSEK1,0008006001,000800600Cost of tenantadaptations,SEK 116 mEmergency and plannedmaintenance,SEK 271 m353025204002000200320042005200620074002000Other maintenancein projects,SEK 271 m15105020032004200520062007Total maintenance costsMaintenance costs, SEK/m 2 floor spaceMaintenance costs/Net operating profitMaintenance costs/Rental income<strong>Akademiska</strong> <strong>Hus</strong> <strong>Annual</strong> <strong>Report</strong> 2007 | Maintenance costs 43
- Page 6 and 7: Review of the yearAkademiska Hus 20
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AddressesGROUP HEAD OFFICEAkademisk