This describes the coupling of both the M1 <strong>and</strong> E2 matrix elements of the 2 → 3 transition to the E2matrix element connecting states 1 <strong>and</strong> 2. The E2 matrix element connecting states 1 <strong>and</strong> 2 will be treatedas a variable, any changes of this matrix element will cause appropriate changes in both the M1 <strong>and</strong> E2matrix elements connecting states 2 <strong>and</strong> 3.An invalid sequence is1, 2, 2., −4, 4 E2 matrix elements2, −3, 1., 1, 2·2, −3,.5, 2, 203 M1 matrix elements·This is invalid because it couples the M1 matrix element to the E2 matrix element 2 − 3 which already is a“slave“. Coupling of a set of matrix elements to a fixed one is allowed, it will simply fix the whole set. Nevertheless,it is not allowed to fix the master matrix element using R 1 = R 2 of a sign opposite to the matrix element.For example use of the statement:1, 2, 2.0, −4, −4 will cause a flip of the signs of all matrix elements coupled to the above matrix element.The correct statement is:1, 2, 2.0, 4, 4 Note it is useful to reiterate that it is not necessary to change the ME input in order to alterconstraints etc. in the fitting of matrix elements. The comm<strong>and</strong>s OP,RE,A; OP,RE,C; <strong>and</strong> OP,RE,Fcan override some constraints introduced by the ME setup, while the FIX <strong>and</strong> LCK comm<strong>and</strong>s ofsuboption CONT allow addition of new constraints.RESTRICTIONSFailure to comply with the following restrictions may cause erroneous results or an error message will beprinted <strong>and</strong> the job aborted:(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)Multipolarities must appear in order from lowest to highest starting with Eλ then Mλ.Matrix elements must belong to the upper triangle, i.e.INDEX1R1 must be obeyed.Neither R1 nor R2 should be exactly zero.Do not set R1= R2 with a sign opposite to the matrix element if couplings are made to other matrixelements.MATRIX ELEMENT PHASES:Note that the phase of a wavefunction is arbitrary. However, to facilitate comparison with models itis best to fix the relative phases of states. Choosing one matrix element between two states to be positivecouples the relative phases of the wavefunctions of these two states to be the same. Then the phases of anyother matrix elements coupling these two states, relative to the phase of the positive one, are observables.Consequently for typical collective b<strong>and</strong>s it is convenient to choose the primary ∆I =2,E2 transitions inthe b<strong>and</strong> to have a positive phase locking the state wavefunctions of the b<strong>and</strong> to have the same phase. Inaddition the phase of one strong matrix element connecting two separate collective b<strong>and</strong>s locks the relativephase between these collective b<strong>and</strong>s.92
When entering matrix elements in the upper triangle be careful to enter the correct phase rememberingthat time reversal invariance relates the time-reversed matrix elements by=(−) J 1−J 2 −λ Thus the phase of the matrix elements in the lower triangle is related to the upper triangle phase bythe (−) J1−J2−λ phase term. Similar care must be taken comparing the observed relative phases with modelpredictions.EXAMPLE:To illustrate a typical input consider the example discussed in the previous section, but here used underthe OP,GOSI comm<strong>and</strong>. Let us assume that the number of experimental <strong>data</strong> is insufficient to perform acompletely model-independent <strong>analysis</strong>. Then some model is used to couple all the diagonal quadrupolematrix elements to the 0 + 1 -2+ 1 transition matrix element. In addition, the E2/M1 mixing ratio for the 2+ 2 -2+ 2transition is fixed. The sample input then will be as as follows:OP,TITLNUCLEUS DEFINITION FOR OP,GOSIOP,GOSILEVE1,1,0,0 ground state is given index 12,1,2,0.5003,1,4,1.004,1,2,0.7500,0,0,0 ends LEVE inputME2,0,0,0,0 E2 header1,2,1.,-2,2 free variable1,4,1.,-2,2 free variable2,-2,1.,1,2 coupled to 1V22,3,1,-3,3 free variable2,4,1,.01,5 free variable3,-3,1,1,2 coupled to 1V24,-4,1,1,2 coupled to 1V27,0,0,0,0 ends E2 input, starts M1 input2,-4,1,2,204 coupled to 2V4 E20,0,0,0,0 ends ME inputIn this example there are only four variables, i.e. the 1 → 2, 2 → 3, 1 → 4 <strong>and</strong> 2 → 4 E2 matrix elements.All the diagonal matrix elements are kept equal to the E2 matrix element connecting 1 → 2, the same holdsfor the 2 → 4 M1 matrix element which is equal to the 2 → 4 E2 matrix element.93
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COULOMB EXCITATION DATA ANALYSIS CO
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10 MINIMIZATION BY SIMULATED ANNEAL
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1 INTRODUCTION1.1 Gosia suite of Co
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104 Ru, 110 Pd, 165 Ho, 166 Er, 186
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Figure 1: Coordinate system used to
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Cλ E =1.116547 · (13.889122) λ (
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Figure 2: The orbital integrals R 2
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2.2 Gamma Decay Following Electroma
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where :d 2 σ= σ R (θ p ) X R kχ
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Formula 2.49 is valid only for t mu
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à XK(α) =exp−iτ i (E γ )x i (
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important to have an accurate knowl
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3 APPROXIMATE EVALUATION OF EXCITAT
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with the reduced matrix element M c
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q (20)s (0 + → 2 + ) · M 1 ζ (2
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esults of minimization and error ru
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adjustment of the stepsize accordin
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approximation reliability improves
- Page 41 and 42: Zd 2 σ(I → I f )Y (I → I f )=s
- Page 43 and 44: 4.5 MinimizationThe minimization, i
- Page 45 and 46: X(CC k Yk c − Yk e ) 2 /σ 2 k =m
- Page 47 and 48: However, estimation of the stepsize
- Page 49 and 50: It can be shown that as long as the
- Page 51 and 52: een exceeded; third, the user-given
- Page 53 and 54: where f k stands for the functional
- Page 55 and 56: x i + δx i Rx iexp ¡ − 1 2 χ2
- Page 57 and 58: method used for the minimization, i
- Page 59 and 60: OP,ERRO (ERRORS) (5.6):Activates th
- Page 61 and 62: -----OP,SIXJ (SIX-j SYMBOL) (5.25):
- Page 63 and 64: 5.3 CONT (CONTROL)This suboption of
- Page 65 and 66: I,I1 Ranges of matrix elements to b
- Page 67 and 68: CODE DEFAULT OTHER CONSEQUENCES OF
- Page 69 and 70: 5.4 OP,CORR (CORRECT )This executio
- Page 71 and 72: 5.6 OP,ERRO (ERRORS)ThemoduleofGOSI
- Page 73 and 74: 5.7 OP,EXIT (EXIT)This option cause
- Page 75 and 76: M AControls the number of magnetic
- Page 77 and 78: 5.10 OP,GDET (GE DETECTORS)This opt
- Page 79 and 80: 5.12 OP,INTG (INTEGRATE)This comman
- Page 81 and 82: ¡ dE¢dx1 ..¡ dEdx¢Stopping powe
- Page 83 and 84: NI1, NI2 Number of subdivisions of
- Page 85 and 86: 5.13 LEVE (LEVELS)Mandatory subopti
- Page 87 and 88: 5.15 ME (OP,COUL)Mandatory suboptio
- Page 89 and 90: Figure 10: Model system having 4 st
- Page 91: ME =< INDEX2||E(M)λ||INDEX1 > The
- Page 95 and 96: There are no restrictions concernin
- Page 97 and 98: 5.18 OP,POIN (POINT CALCULATION)Thi
- Page 99 and 100: 5.20 OP,RAW (RAW UNCORRECTED γ YIE
- Page 101 and 102: 5.21 OP,RE,A (RELEASE,A)This option
- Page 103 and 104: 5.25 OP,SIXJ (SIXJ SYMBOL)This stan
- Page 105 and 106: 5.27 OP,THEO (COLLECTIVE MODEL ME)C
- Page 107 and 108: 2,5,1,-2,23,5,1,-2,23,6,1,-2,2Matri
- Page 109 and 110: 5.29 OP,TROU (TROUBLE)This troubles
- Page 111 and 112: to that of the previous experiment,
- Page 113 and 114: To reduce the unnecessary input, on
- Page 115 and 116: OP,STAR or OP,POIN under OP,GOSI. N
- Page 117 and 118: 5.31 INPUT OF EXPERIMENTAL γ-RAY Y
- Page 119 and 120: 6 QUADRUPOLE ROTATION INVARIANTS -
- Page 121 and 122: *½P 5 (J) = s(E2 × E2) J ׯh¾
- Page 123 and 124: The expectation value of cos3δ can
- Page 125 and 126: where ē is an arbitratry vector. D
- Page 127 and 128: achieved using “mixed“ calculat
- Page 129 and 130: TAPE9 Contains the parameters neede
- Page 131 and 132: TAPE18 Input file, containing the i
- Page 133 and 134: 7.4.4 CALCULATION OF THE INTEGRATED
- Page 135 and 136: OP,EXITInput: TAPE4,TAPE7,TAPE9Outp
- Page 137 and 138: OP,ERRO0,MS,MEND,1,0,RMAXand the fi
- Page 139 and 140: 8 SIMULTANEOUS COULOMB EXCITATION:
- Page 141 and 142: 4, 3, 1kr88.corKr corrected yields
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0 Correction for in-flight decay ch
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OP, ERRO Estimation of errors of fi
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9 COULOMB EXCITATION OF ISOMERIC ST
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configurations with a probability e
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The average range covered by each m
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SFX,NTOTI1(1),I2(1),RSIGN(1)I1(2),I
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11.2 LearningtoWriteGosiaInputsThe
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(1.6 MeV)1.1 MeV0.75 MeV0.4 MeV0.08
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Define the germaniumdetector geomet
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Figure 15: Flow diagram for Gosia m
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gosia < 2-make-correction-factors.i
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Issue the commandgosia < 9-diag-err
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At this point, it is suggested to c
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calculation.) In this case, a copy
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4,-4, -3.705, 3,44,5, 4.626, 3.,7.5
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90145901459014590145901459014590145
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.10.028921.10.026031.10.023431.10.0
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5,5,634,650,82.000,84.000634,638,64
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***********************************
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*** CHISQ= 0.134003E+01 ***MATRIX E
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CALCULATED AND EXPERIMENTAL YIELDS
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11.7 Annotated excerpt from a Coulo
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11.8 Accuracy and speed of calculat
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18,10.056,0.068,0.082,0.1,0.12,0.15
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line 152 Eu 182 Tanumber (keV) (keV
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1.6 Normalization between data sets
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13 GOSIA 2007 RELEASE NOTESThese no
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Matrix elements 500(April 1990, T.
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14 GOSIA Manual UpdatesDATE UPDATE2
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[KIB08]T.Kibédi,T.W.Burrows,M.B.Tr