Studies on Policy Option for Quality Seed Production and ... - NFPCSP

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Table 4.3.11 Farmers’ opinion about the quality seeds of maize in the study areasFarmers’categoryResponse of the maize farmers (%)Rajshahi Dinajpur KishoregonjQuality seeds increase yield?No YesIncreaseIncreaseNo Yesyield (%)yield (%)No YesLarge - 100 20.0 - 100 21.7 14.3 85.7 28.3Medium - 100 21.2 - 100 20.7 12.9 87.1 28.5Small - 100 20.3 - 100 20.5 15.0 85.0 27.1Average - 100 20.5 - 100 20.7 14.1 85.9 27.9CV (%) - - 2.18 - - 1.85 5.67 7.41 6.87Increaseyield (%)4.3.14 Sources of maize seedMaximum number of farmers of three categories over locations (on average 64.67, 75.67 and 81.67% inRajshahi, Dinajpur and Kishoregonj, respectively) collected their maize seeds for sowing fromdealers/traders. Some portion of large category maize farmers in Rajshahi (26%), Dinajpur (12%) andKishoregonj (9%) used their seed source from company (Table 4.3.12). A minimum percentage of largefarmers (average 2.67%) also depended on research seed. The small farmers of Rajshahi (21%) andDinajpur (20%) used their seed source from NGOs. The medium category farmers of different locationsalso obtained maize seed (7%, 13% and 9% of farmers in Rajshahi, Dinajpur and Kishoregonj,respectively) from NGOs. The study shows that 11% of the small category of farmers in Dinajpurcollected their seed from local market and other farmers.Table 4.3.12 Sources of seeds used by the maize farmers in the study areas% Farmers usedSeedRajshahi Dinajpur Kishoregonj Average (all sites)sourceL M S Av L M S Av L M S Av L M S AvCompany 26 29 11 22 12 5 2 6 9 10 3 7 16 15 5 12Dealers/72 61 61 78 82 67 82 79 84Traders657682 77 74 71 74Research 2 1 - 1 3 - - 3 3 - - 3 3 1 0 2NGO - 7 21 9 5 13 20 13 6 9 - 8 4 10 21 10Others - 2 7 3 2 - 11 7 - 2 13 8 1 2 10 6Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Note: L-Large, M-Medium, S-Small farmers4.3.15 Percent of farmers using fertilizers for maize cultivation (2008-09)The study shows that all the farmers (100%) of three cate gories applied urea fertilizer in their fields(Table 4.3.13). The results also indicate that major percentage of large and medium farmers usedmanure, TSP, MP and gypsum at the three locations. On the other hand, the farmers of Rajshahi(average 37%) and Dinajpur (average 19%) also applied zinc fertilizer. Boron fertilizer was used by thelarge (12%) and medium (7%) farmers of Dinajpur. The highest percent of medium farmers (81%) inKishoregonj used manure in their field. But only 37% of the small farmers in Dinajpur applied manurein maize cultivation. The maximum number of small farmers in all experimental areas was morereluctant to use TSP, MP and gypsum, zinc and Boron fertilizers. The results also show that 84% of the
medium farmers in Rajshahi and 85% of the large farmers in Dinajpur applied TSP and MP. The studyalso reveals that the large and medium farmers compared to small farmers were more motivated inapplying macronutrients as well as microelements like Boron-containing fertilizers.Table 4.3.13 Percent of farmers using fertilizers for maize cultivationin the study areas (2008-09)Farmers’ category%Farmers applied fertilizers in maizeManure Urea TSP MP Gyp Zn BRajshahiLarge 63 100 78 62 51 47 -Medium 53 100 84 59 57 50 -Small 44 100 46 36 28 14 -Average 53 100 69 53 45 37 -CV (%) 17.84 - 12.37 13.21 10.65 16.21 -DinajpurLarge 58 100 82 85 87 27 12Medium 61 100 78 81 84 31 7Small 37 100 46 52 64 0 0Average 52 100 69 73 78 19 6CV (%) 21.41 - 10.32 15.24 11.47 15.47 12.12KishoregonjLarge 75 100 47 57 15 - -Medium 81 100 43 52 17 - -Small 62 100 22 18 2 - -Average 73 100 37 42 11 - -CV (%) 17.23 - 14.12 16.41 13.47 - -Average (all sites) 59 100 58 56 45 19 24.3.16 Seed and fertilizer application rate for maize cultivationThe seed rate applied for maize cultivation (average 19.0 kg/ha) was close to the recommended rate inthe study areas (Table 4.3.14). But the average application rate of manure and urea were 4764kg and304 kg/ha, respectively. On the other hand, the average application rate of TSP, MP, gypsum, zinc andboron were 83kg, 73kg, 70kg, 2.5kg and 3.6 kg/ha, respectively. It is observed that the applied chemicalfertilizers were far low compared to the recommended doses except urea. The rates of urea were higherthan that of their recommended dose at all the study sites. Moreover, the small farmers applied loweramount of urea compared to medium and large categories of farmers. These imbalanced usages ofmanure and fertilizers hamper the nutrient uptake by maize plants causing lower productivity. The mainreasons for unbalanced fertilizer use are the high price of fertilizers, farmers’ insufficient knowledge inrespect of integrated crop management (ICM) and shortage of money, especially in case of small andmedium farmers.Ali et al. (2008) reported that soil nutrient depletion is often accelerated with maize versus rice orwheat because of the higher biomass production, greater nutrient requirements, and increased nutrientremoval. As a C 4 crop, maize planted in the Rabi season can produce about 10 t/ha of grain and 12 t/hanon-grain biomass. To produce such high yields, maize plants must take up about 200 kg N, 30 kg P,93
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Final Report PR #6/08Studie
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSTUDIES ON POLICY
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TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive SummaryL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD.)ChapterPa
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LIST OF TABLESName of the TablesPag
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LIST OF TABLES (CONTD.)Name of the
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LIST OF ANNEXESName of the AnnexesP
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STUDIES ON POLICY OPTION FOR QUALIT
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1.2 Expected outputs of the studyi)
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selected upazilas, the team selecte
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2.10 Preparation and pre-tested of
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3. REVIEW OF LITERATUREThe availabi
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different storage containers ranged
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3.1.3 Maize SeedResearch works on m
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governments’ seed suppliers. As a
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Therefore, under the present study
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experience along with available inp
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findings that the farming community
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Table 4.1.5 Linkage of the family m
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different hybrid varieties of rice
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large farmers had used all types of
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4.1.15 Seed classes used by the ric
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BADC10%Others Farmers5%DAE5%Self80%
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Similarly, farmers’ own seed and
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4.1.25 Drying method used by the ri
Page 51 and 52:
But these types of storage containe
Page 53 and 54:
educed through proper processing an
Page 55 and 56: 4.1.34 Production cost and profitab
Page 57 and 58: Table 4.1.35 Rice seed production c
Page 59 and 60: 4.1.38 Constraints to rice seed pro
Page 61 and 62: was probably due to absorption of s
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.2.2 Major occupation of whe
Page 65 and 66: 4.2.5 Sources of technological supp
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.2.5 Services received from
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.2.8 Percent of the farmers
Page 71 and 72: Table 4.2.11 Farmers’ opinion abo
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.2.13 Farmers’ choice prio
Page 75 and 76: 4.2.18 Percent of farmers using fer
Page 77 and 78: 4.2.20 Seed drying place of wheat a
Page 79 and 80: 30Frequency distribution20100Std. D
Page 81 and 82: followed by plastic drum (30 points
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.2.26 Wheat seed preservatio
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.2.27 Men, women and childre
Page 87 and 88: espectively. Farmers used FYM at th
Page 89 and 90: Table 4.2.30 Wheat seed production
Page 91 and 92: the amounts of stored wheat seed fo
Page 93 and 94: 8. Termite attack at seedling Insec
Page 95 and 96: percentages of germination, moistur
Page 97 and 98: 4.3.2 Major occupation of maize far
Page 99 and 100: Table 4.3.4 Time line of maize cult
Page 101 and 102: Legend:RajshahiKishoregonjExperienc
Page 103 and 104: 4.3.9 Major cropping patterns pract
Page 105: yield and production cost and marke
Page 109 and 110: significantly affected the maize pr
Page 111 and 112: Harvesting and post harvest managem
Page 113 and 114: In the present study it is observed
Page 115 and 116: 4.3.25 Maize seed demand and propor
Page 117 and 118: 4.4.5 Seed purchase and sale price
Page 119 and 120: variety `Swarna’ has leaked throu
Page 121 and 122: 6. POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMEN
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.1 Proposed training program
Page 125 and 126: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAll praises are due
Page 127 and 128: 20. Dadalani, M., M.S. Islam, I. Ah
Page 129 and 130: ANNEXESDinajpur•Birol•Bochagonj
Page 131 and 132: Annex 7. Percent of rice farmers us
Page 133 and 134: Annex 12. Boro rice grain productio
Page 135 and 136: Annex 17. Wheat grain production pa
Page 137 and 138: Annex 21. Socio-economic scenario o
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