Studies on Policy Option for Quality Seed Production and ... - NFPCSP

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The urea fertilizer was applied comparatively at higher doses than that of the recommended doses.These imbalance uses of chemical fertilizers might hamper the crop growth leading to landdegradation. Irrespective of all the study areas, the rate of applied urea for Boro rice was slightly low(313 kg/ha) but in case of T.aman and T.aus rice, it was very high (256 and 304 kg/ha, respectively)than that of their recommended rates (371, 200 and 167 kg/ha for Boro, T.aman and T.aus,respectively).4.1.14 Seed rate for rice grain/seed productionThe rice farmers in the study areas used over rate of seed compared to recommended rates except inJessore site. The seed rates for Boro rice were 77, 67 and 41 kg/ha in Rajshahi, Rangpur and Jessore,respectively (Table 4.1.13). Similarly in T.aman season, seed rates of 76, 70 and 50 kg/ha were usedin the study areas, respectively. On the other hand, the seed rate for T.aus rice in Rajshahi was only 73kg/ha.It can be noted that the farmers used higher seed rates in the study areas than the recommended onesacross all sites because the seed quality of rice at farmers’ level was inferior compared to that ofcertified seed in terms of germination, seedling vigor and seed health. Framers homegrown seed areoften unable to produce sufficient number of healthy seedlings, which are a pre-requisite for achievinghigher grain yield. Under these circumstances, the farmers do not want to take any risk of by usinglower seed rate. That is why, the farmers of all over the study areas traditionally used higher seed rateto obtain sufficient healthy plant stands for successful crop production. Moreover, after utilizing theirown requirement for rice seedlings, the farmers sell/distribute the left-over rice seedlings to theirneighboring farmers or sometimes sell them at the local markets. On the other hand, some farmershave a normal tendency to use higher seed rate/ plant population, as they traditionally believe the ageoldconcept that higher plant population could increase the grain yield.Table 4.1.13 Seed rates used for rice grain cultivation in the study areasFarmers’ category Rajshahi Rangpur Jessore Average (all sites)Boro rice (kg/ha)Large 78 67 44 63Medium 79 71 40 63Small 73 64 38 58Average 77 67 41 62CV (%) 8.27 12.32 7.89 9.74T.aman riceLarge 78 73 57 69Medium 78 71 51 67Small 73 65 43 60Average 76 70 50 65CV (%) 4.56 6.23 8.3 6.74T.aus riceLarge 78 - - 78Medium 71 - - 71Small 72 - - 72Average 73 - - 73CV (%) 6.32 - - 5.14Recommendedrate (kg/ha35454528
4.1.15 Seed classes used by the rice farmers for grain productionA major proportion of the farmers in all the study areas was dependant for seed on their own ricecrops, which were grown for grain but in the later, some portion were saved as seed to be used in thenext crop season and the average percentage of those farmers was 85, 82 and 84 in Rajshahi, Rangpurand Jessore, respectively (Table 4.1.14). Besides this homegrown seed, a few of the farmers usedother classes of rice seed, which are called `Truthfully Labeled Seeds` (TLS), Certified andFoundation seed (11.0%, 3.3% and 0.7% in Rajshahi; 14.0%, 2.7% and 1% in Rangpur; and 13.0%,3.0% and 0.0% in Jessore, respectively). These seed classes (out supplies) were more affordable tolarge farmers followed by medium farmers but the small farmers had the lowest access to these seedclasses. In respect of all study areas, 78.7% and 17.0% farmers used their own seed and TLS,respectively.It can be mentioned that according to “The Seed Rules (1998)’, “Thuthfully Labeled Seeds” shall bethe progeny of foundation, certified, labeled or any other seed to be specified from time to time, thecontainer of which has a label indicating as to its quality in a way as prescribed (SCA, 2006). But it isa fact that the quality of TLS supplied to the farmers by different seed companies is oftenquestionable.Table 4.1.14 Seed classes used by the rice farmers for grain production in the study areasFarmers’ categorySeed class used by farmers (%)Foundation Certified TLS OwnTotalRajshahiLarge 2 5 16 77 100Medium 0 1 13 86 100Small 0 0 17 83 100Average 0.7 2.0 15.3 82.0 100RangpurLarge 2 6 20 72 100Medium 1 8 24 67 100Small 0 3 15 82 100Average 1.0 5.7 19.7 73.7 100JessoreLarge 0 7 18 75 100Medium 0 4 15 81 100Small 0 0 15 85 100Average 0.0 3.7 16.0 80.3 100Average (all sites) 0.6 3.8 17.0 78.7 1004.1.16 Seed sources used by the farmers for rice grain productionThe survey results reveal that besides the own source (homegrown rice seed), a small percentage ofrice growing farmers collected seed (Foundation, Certified, TLS etc.) from BADC, Regional Stationsof BRRI, Seed Company, Seed Dealer and other sources (like other farmers, NGOs, DAE seedgrowers etc.) situated at the locality. The BADC’s rice seed (as Foundation, Certified and TLS) wasprocured by the farmers on average 9%, 11% and 10% of the farmers in Rajshahi, Rangpur andJessore, respectively (Table 4.1.15).29
Page 1 and 2: Final Report PR #6/08Studie
Page 3 and 4: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSTUDIES ON POLICY
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive SummaryL
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD.)ChapterPa
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLESName of the TablesPag
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES (CONTD.)Name of the
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF ANNEXESName of the AnnexesP
Page 15 and 16: STUDIES ON POLICY OPTION FOR QUALIT
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 Expected outputs of the studyi)
Page 19 and 20: selected upazilas, the team selecte
Page 21 and 22: 2.10 Preparation and pre-tested of
Page 23 and 24: 3. REVIEW OF LITERATUREThe availabi
Page 25 and 26: different storage containers ranged
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.3 Maize SeedResearch works on m
Page 29 and 30: governments’ seed suppliers. As a
Page 31 and 32: Therefore, under the present study
Page 33 and 34: experience along with available inp
Page 35 and 36: findings that the farming community
Page 37 and 38: Table 4.1.5 Linkage of the family m
Page 39 and 40: different hybrid varieties of rice
Page 41: large farmers had used all types of
Page 45 and 46: BADC10%Others Farmers5%DAE5%Self80%
Page 47 and 48: Similarly, farmers’ own seed and
Page 49 and 50: 4.1.25 Drying method used by the ri
Page 51 and 52: But these types of storage containe
Page 53 and 54: educed through proper processing an
Page 55 and 56: 4.1.34 Production cost and profitab
Page 57 and 58: Table 4.1.35 Rice seed production c
Page 59 and 60: 4.1.38 Constraints to rice seed pro
Page 61 and 62: was probably due to absorption of s
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.2.2 Major occupation of whe
Page 65 and 66: 4.2.5 Sources of technological supp
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.2.5 Services received from
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.2.8 Percent of the farmers
Page 71 and 72: Table 4.2.11 Farmers’ opinion abo
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.2.13 Farmers’ choice prio
Page 75 and 76: 4.2.18 Percent of farmers using fer
Page 77 and 78: 4.2.20 Seed drying place of wheat a
Page 79 and 80: 30Frequency distribution20100Std. D
Page 81 and 82: followed by plastic drum (30 points
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.2.26 Wheat seed preservatio
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.2.27 Men, women and childre
Page 87 and 88: espectively. Farmers used FYM at th
Page 89 and 90: Table 4.2.30 Wheat seed production
Page 91 and 92: the amounts of stored wheat seed fo
Page 93 and 94:
8. Termite attack at seedling Insec
Page 95 and 96:
percentages of germination, moistur
Page 97 and 98:
4.3.2 Major occupation of maize far
Page 99 and 100:
Table 4.3.4 Time line of maize cult
Page 101 and 102:
Legend:RajshahiKishoregonjExperienc
Page 103 and 104:
4.3.9 Major cropping patterns pract
Page 105 and 106:
yield and production cost and marke
Page 107 and 108:
medium farmers in Rajshahi and 85%
Page 109 and 110:
significantly affected the maize pr
Page 111 and 112:
Harvesting and post harvest managem
Page 113 and 114:
In the present study it is observed
Page 115 and 116:
4.3.25 Maize seed demand and propor
Page 117 and 118:
4.4.5 Seed purchase and sale price
Page 119 and 120:
variety `Swarna’ has leaked throu
Page 121 and 122:
6. POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMEN
Page 123 and 124:
Table 6.1 Proposed training program
Page 125 and 126:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAll praises are due
Page 127 and 128:
20. Dadalani, M., M.S. Islam, I. Ah
Page 129 and 130:
ANNEXESDinajpur•Birol•Bochagonj
Page 131 and 132:
Annex 7. Percent of rice farmers us
Page 133 and 134:
Annex 12. Boro rice grain productio
Page 135 and 136:
Annex 17. Wheat grain production pa
Page 137 and 138:
Annex 21. Socio-economic scenario o
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