Studies on Policy Option for Quality Seed Production and ... - NFPCSP

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IPMISTAKBLoALSDMDMktMoAMPNARSNCDPNFPCSPNGOOPPRAPROVAQtySAAOSCASPSSStd. Dev.T.amanT.ausTCTk.TLSTMSSTSPTVUNDPUNICEFUSAIDVCWRCZnIntegrated Pest ManagementInternational Seed Testing AssociationKrishi BankLetter of AgreementLeast Significance DifferenceMan DayMarketMinistry of AgricultureMuriate of PotashNational Agricultural Research SystemNorth-West Crop Diversification ProgrammeNational Food Policy Capacity Strengthening ProgrammeNon Government OrganizationOpen PollinatedParticipatory Rural AppraisalPeoples’ Resource Oriented Voluntary OrganizationQuantitySub-Assistant Agriculture OfficerSeed Certification AgencyStatistical Package for Social SciencesStandard DeviationTransplanting AmanTransplanting AusTotal CostTakaTruthfully Labeled SeedThengamara Mohila Sabuj SanghaTriple Super PhosphateTelevisionUnited Nations Development ProgrammeUnited Nations Children Emergency FundUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentVariable CostWheat Research CentreZincT.aman : The main rice crop of Bangladesh is grown in the monsoon season as a transplanted rainfed crop.T.aus : Pre-monsoon -season transplanted rice crop.Boro : A rice crop planted under irrigation during the dry season from December to Marchand harvested April to JuneKharif : The wet season (typically March to October) characterized by monsoon rain andhigh temperatures.Rabi : The dry season (typically November to February) with low or minimal rainfall, highevapotranspiration rates, low temperatures, and clear skies with bright sunshine.xiv
STUDIES ON POLICY OPTION FOR QUALITY SEED PRODUCTION ANDPRESERVATION OF CEREAL CROPS AT FARMERS’ LEVEL FOR THEIMPROVEMENT OF FOOD SECURITY1. INTRODUCTIONIn agriculture, seed is a vehicle to deliver almost all agro-based technological innovations so that thefarmers can exploit the genetic potential of new varieties. The availability, access and use of seed ofadaptable varieties are, therefore, the major determinants to attain the efficiency and productivity ofother packages like irrigation, fertilizers and pesticides. This is one of the vital keys to increase cropproduction, enhance food security and alleviate rural poverty in the developing countries.For the seed to play a catalytic role, it should reach the farmers in a good state with high genetic purityand identity together with sound physical, physiological and health quality. In contrast to fertilizers andpesticides, farmers select and save seed to plant in the next season, and any off-farm seed from theformal sector should also be of better quality for the farmers to invest in it. Therefore, the bestproduction techniques need to be followed to produce good quality seed.Food availability is one of the three conditions of food security, the other two conditions being accessand utilization. The domestic production of cereal food crops is crucial in ensuring food availability atboth national and household levels. Efforts should therefore be made to boost the yield and productionof cereal crops in order to ensure food security in Bangladesh (Rahman and Khan, 2005).Good seed alone can maximize yield to the extent of 20-25%. Availability of quality seed is the mainobstacle to increase crop production in Bangladesh. If the seed is capable of giving higher yield, thenthe use of other inputs like fertilizers, water and pesticides becomes fruitful; otherwise, any input usebecomes wasteful (Huda, 2001). The use of quality seed can contribute significantly to increase yieldand production, in filling up the gap between the requirement and availability of every day’s foodintake. The production of quality seed is thus very important and that is why the Government ofBangladesh has recently given the seed sector a `Topmost Priority’ status.The seed industry in Bangladesh comprises both public and private sector initiatives. Among the cerealcrops rice, wheat and maize together play a vital role in maintaining food security and hence, theeconomy of the country. The annual seed demand for each of these three crops is about 313.96, 72.00and 3.30 thousand tons, respectively but the public sectors can meet up only 23.67, 26.46 and 7.06%,respectively (MoA, 2006). Besides, t here are many seed merchants in the country who collect seedsfrom different sources to sell out to farmers. With respect to quality, their seeds are not fully reliable.As there is almost no other alternative, many farmers continue to buy seeds from these merchants thateventually cause poor yield or in some cases end up with total crop failure. That is why most of thefarmers keep a portion of their produce to be used as `seed’ because it is easily available to them in timeand in sufficient quantity with `almost no extra cost’. These seeds, however, are usually of inferiorquality. It is estimated that using this type of bad quality seed of both rice and wheat incurs a loss of Tk.8.36 billion annually, because of poor yielding ability. Huda (2001) strongly opines that the use of good1
Page 1 and 2: Final Report PR #6/08Studie
Page 3 and 4: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSTUDIES ON POLICY
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive SummaryL
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD.)ChapterPa
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLESName of the TablesPag
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES (CONTD.)Name of the
Page 13: LIST OF ANNEXESName of the AnnexesP
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 Expected outputs of the studyi)
Page 19 and 20: selected upazilas, the team selecte
Page 21 and 22: 2.10 Preparation and pre-tested of
Page 23 and 24: 3. REVIEW OF LITERATUREThe availabi
Page 25 and 26: different storage containers ranged
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.3 Maize SeedResearch works on m
Page 29 and 30: governments’ seed suppliers. As a
Page 31 and 32: Therefore, under the present study
Page 33 and 34: experience along with available inp
Page 35 and 36: findings that the farming community
Page 37 and 38: Table 4.1.5 Linkage of the family m
Page 39 and 40: different hybrid varieties of rice
Page 41 and 42: large farmers had used all types of
Page 43 and 44: 4.1.15 Seed classes used by the ric
Page 45 and 46: BADC10%Others Farmers5%DAE5%Self80%
Page 47 and 48: Similarly, farmers’ own seed and
Page 49 and 50: 4.1.25 Drying method used by the ri
Page 51 and 52: But these types of storage containe
Page 53 and 54: educed through proper processing an
Page 55 and 56: 4.1.34 Production cost and profitab
Page 57 and 58: Table 4.1.35 Rice seed production c
Page 59 and 60: 4.1.38 Constraints to rice seed pro
Page 61 and 62: was probably due to absorption of s
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.2.2 Major occupation of whe
Page 65 and 66:
4.2.5 Sources of technological supp
Page 67 and 68:
Table 4.2.5 Services received from
Page 69 and 70:
Table 4.2.8 Percent of the farmers
Page 71 and 72:
Table 4.2.11 Farmers’ opinion abo
Page 73 and 74:
Table 4.2.13 Farmers’ choice prio
Page 75 and 76:
4.2.18 Percent of farmers using fer
Page 77 and 78:
4.2.20 Seed drying place of wheat a
Page 79 and 80:
30Frequency distribution20100Std. D
Page 81 and 82:
followed by plastic drum (30 points
Page 83 and 84:
Table 4.2.26 Wheat seed preservatio
Page 85 and 86:
Table 4.2.27 Men, women and childre
Page 87 and 88:
espectively. Farmers used FYM at th
Page 89 and 90:
Table 4.2.30 Wheat seed production
Page 91 and 92:
the amounts of stored wheat seed fo
Page 93 and 94:
8. Termite attack at seedling Insec
Page 95 and 96:
percentages of germination, moistur
Page 97 and 98:
4.3.2 Major occupation of maize far
Page 99 and 100:
Table 4.3.4 Time line of maize cult
Page 101 and 102:
Legend:RajshahiKishoregonjExperienc
Page 103 and 104:
4.3.9 Major cropping patterns pract
Page 105 and 106:
yield and production cost and marke
Page 107 and 108:
medium farmers in Rajshahi and 85%
Page 109 and 110:
significantly affected the maize pr
Page 111 and 112:
Harvesting and post harvest managem
Page 113 and 114:
In the present study it is observed
Page 115 and 116:
4.3.25 Maize seed demand and propor
Page 117 and 118:
4.4.5 Seed purchase and sale price
Page 119 and 120:
variety `Swarna’ has leaked throu
Page 121 and 122:
6. POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMEN
Page 123 and 124:
Table 6.1 Proposed training program
Page 125 and 126:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAll praises are due
Page 127 and 128:
20. Dadalani, M., M.S. Islam, I. Ah
Page 129 and 130:
ANNEXESDinajpur•Birol•Bochagonj
Page 131 and 132:
Annex 7. Percent of rice farmers us
Page 133 and 134:
Annex 12. Boro rice grain productio
Page 135 and 136:
Annex 17. Wheat grain production pa
Page 137 and 138:
Annex 21. Socio-economic scenario o
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