Studies on Policy Option for Quality Seed Production and ... - NFPCSP

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inches apart. The thinned out seedlings are used for gap filling. Cowdung @ 6 t/ha, TSP @ 50 kg/ha,MP 50 kg/ha and urea 200 kg/ha are used. All fertilizers except urea are used at the time of final landpreparation. First dose of urea (70 -75 kg/ha) is used at three to four leaf stages. The rest amount isapplied after 40 to 45 days of germination. The farmers do 2-3 weedings. If required they also irrigatethe maize field. At full maturity the cobs are harvested and the seeds are separated with hand. Seeds aredried and then sold out to the dealers at the farm gates.4.3.22 Maize grain production cost and profitabilityThe maize grain cultivation and its profitability were evaluated in all the study areas and it is observedthat the average total variable cost for maize cultivation were Tk. 36,485, Tk. 38,428 and Tk. 34,856/hain Rajshahi, Dinajpur and Kishoregonj, respectively (Table 4.3.19 and Annexes 22 -24). At the sametime, the gross return and gross margin (total cost basis) were Tk. 74,992 and Tk. 28,506/ha forRajshahi, Tk. 61,133 and 12,704/ha for Dinajpur, and Tk. 74,225 and Tk. 29,369/ha for Kishoregonj,respectively. But the average gross margin (total cost basis) was Tk. 2 3,526/ha. Moreover, the BCR(total cost basis) values were 1.61, 1.26 and 1.65 in Rajshahi, Dinajpur and Kishoregonj, respectively.On the other hand, the average BCR (total cost basis) was 1.51, which indicates that maize is aprofitable crop compared to rice and wheat.Table 4.3.19 Maize grain production cost and profitability in the study areas (2009)Rajshahi Dinajpur Kishoregonj Average (all sites)ItemValueValueValueValueQtyQtyQtyQty(Tk/ha)(Tk/ha)(Tk/ha) (Tk/ha)Ploughing number 2.4 1754 3.34 2473 2.3 1729 2.68 1985Seed (kg) 18 4025 18.29 4390 21.4 4706 19 4374Manure (kg) 7147 3573 7147 3574 6489 3245 6928 3464Urea (kg) 309 3712 309 3712 382 4584 333 4003TSP/DAP (kg) 76 3027 76 3027 61 2453 71 2836MP (kg) 60 1810 60 1810 46 1380 55 1667Gypsum (kg) 59 352 59 293 16 98 45 248Zinc Sulphate (kg) 9 540 9 540 - - 6.0 540Threshing - - Mach. 2490 - - 0 1245Irrigation (No) 4.7 3453 - - 3.7 2701 2.8 2051Weeding (No) 1.6 - - - 1.4 - 1.0 0Human Labour (MD) 119 14240 134 16120 116 13960 123 14773a) Total variable cost - 36486 - 38428 - 34856 - 36590b) Fixed cost (for land) - 10000 - 10000 - 10000 - 10000Total cost (a+b) - 46486 - 48428 - 44856 - 46590Yield (kg): Grain 7270 72700 6270 57998 7193 71933 6911 67544Straw 9167 2292 12540 3135 9167 2292 10291 2573Gross return - 74992 61133 74225 70117Gross margin:a) Variable cost basis - 38506 - 22704 - 39369 - 33526b) Total cost basis - 28506 - 12704 - 29369 - 23526BCR (total cost basis) - 1.61 - 1.26 - 1.65 - 1.51Costing rate: Ploughing @ Tk. 740/ploughing/ha, Seed @ Tk. 220.00/kg, Cowdung @ Tk. 0.5/kg, Urea @ Tk. 12.00/kg, TSP@ Tk. 40.00/kg, MP @ Tk. 30.00/kg, Gypsum @ Tk. 6.00/kg, Zinc sulphate @ Tk. 60.00/kg, H. labour wage @ Tk.120.00/manday, Irrigation @ 740.00/no./ha, Grain price @ Tk. 10.00/kg, Straw @ Tk. 0.25/kg.98
In the present study it is observed that the small farmers generally apply scanty amount of fertilizers forhybrid maize cultivation compared to medium and large farmers. They have also gained very limitedknowledge regarding the hybrid maize production technologies. Therefore, the maize grain yield is thelowest for small farmers. On the other hand, the farmers of Rajshahi and Kishoregonj got training andtechnological support in relation to hybrid maize production from BARI and different NGOs. That iswhy the farmers of Rajshahi and Kishoregonj obtained higher yield of maize.4.3.23 Use of F 2 generation of hybrid maize seed for cultivation and its consequencesThe F 1 (first filial) generation consists of all the offspring from the parents- their children.The F 2 (second filial) generation consists of the offspring from allowing the F 1 individuals tointerbreed- the grandchildren of the parental generation.Over the three study sites, two maize growing farmers in Rajshahi reported that they once used F 2hybrid seed. One of them claimed that he got almost similar yield with hybrid F 2 maize seed comparedto F 1 seed and the other farmer confessed a yield reduction of 40% due to use of F 2 hybrid maize seed.However, in Rajshahi site, none of 150 maize farmers used F 2 generation of seed for crop production. InKishoreganj site, quite a significant number of farmers used F 2 hybrid maize seed. Certain Md. MaziburRahman claimed no yield loss from using F 2 maize seed. However, some 12 farmers acknowledgedyield loss, ranging from 12 to 60% with an average of 30.15% (Table 4.3.20). This clearly shows thefarmers less awareness regarding knowledge of the latest technology for crop production and the riskthereof.Table 4.3.20 Yield losses from using F 2 maize seed at the farmers’ field in KishoregonjYield reduction/increaseSl. No. Farmers’ name Maize variety F 2compared to last year (%)1. Mohammad Pacific 11 552. Abdul Quyum Pacific 11 343. Zahid Miah Pacific 11 504. Abdus Salam BRAC Seed 305. Badsah Miah Heera Hybrid 406. Abdul Hai Pacific 11 307. Abdul Hakim Pacific 11 608. Kazal Raihan Pacific 11 149. Md. Shahabuddin Pacific 11 1210. Nazmul Islam BRAC Seed 1511. Md. Murshed Pacific 11 2712. Md. Ashraf Mia Pacific 11 2513. Md. Muzibur Rahman Pacific 11 0Average 30.154.3.24 Constraints to maize production in the study areasTable 4.3.21 shows the constraints to maize production in the study area as identified by the farmers ofKasiadanga village of Dinajpur. The participant farmers mentioned different problems, causes behind itand the probable solutions. ‘High price of fertilizers’ was number one constraint to maize production99
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Final Report PR #6/08Studie
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSTUDIES ON POLICY
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TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive SummaryL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD.)ChapterPa
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LIST OF TABLESName of the TablesPag
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LIST OF TABLES (CONTD.)Name of the
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LIST OF ANNEXESName of the AnnexesP
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STUDIES ON POLICY OPTION FOR QUALIT
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1.2 Expected outputs of the studyi)
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selected upazilas, the team selecte
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2.10 Preparation and pre-tested of
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3. REVIEW OF LITERATUREThe availabi
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different storage containers ranged
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3.1.3 Maize SeedResearch works on m
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governments’ seed suppliers. As a
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Therefore, under the present study
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experience along with available inp
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findings that the farming community
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Table 4.1.5 Linkage of the family m
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different hybrid varieties of rice
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large farmers had used all types of
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4.1.15 Seed classes used by the ric
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BADC10%Others Farmers5%DAE5%Self80%
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Similarly, farmers’ own seed and
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4.1.25 Drying method used by the ri
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But these types of storage containe
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educed through proper processing an
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4.1.34 Production cost and profitab
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Table 4.1.35 Rice seed production c
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4.1.38 Constraints to rice seed pro
Page 61 and 62: was probably due to absorption of s
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.2.2 Major occupation of whe
Page 65 and 66: 4.2.5 Sources of technological supp
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.2.5 Services received from
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.2.8 Percent of the farmers
Page 71 and 72: Table 4.2.11 Farmers’ opinion abo
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.2.13 Farmers’ choice prio
Page 75 and 76: 4.2.18 Percent of farmers using fer
Page 77 and 78: 4.2.20 Seed drying place of wheat a
Page 79 and 80: 30Frequency distribution20100Std. D
Page 81 and 82: followed by plastic drum (30 points
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.2.26 Wheat seed preservatio
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.2.27 Men, women and childre
Page 87 and 88: espectively. Farmers used FYM at th
Page 89 and 90: Table 4.2.30 Wheat seed production
Page 91 and 92: the amounts of stored wheat seed fo
Page 93 and 94: 8. Termite attack at seedling Insec
Page 95 and 96: percentages of germination, moistur
Page 97 and 98: 4.3.2 Major occupation of maize far
Page 99 and 100: Table 4.3.4 Time line of maize cult
Page 101 and 102: Legend:RajshahiKishoregonjExperienc
Page 103 and 104: 4.3.9 Major cropping patterns pract
Page 105 and 106: yield and production cost and marke
Page 107 and 108: medium farmers in Rajshahi and 85%
Page 109 and 110: significantly affected the maize pr
Page 111: Harvesting and post harvest managem
Page 115 and 116: 4.3.25 Maize seed demand and propor
Page 117 and 118: 4.4.5 Seed purchase and sale price
Page 119 and 120: variety `Swarna’ has leaked throu
Page 121 and 122: 6. POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMEN
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.1 Proposed training program
Page 125 and 126: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAll praises are due
Page 127 and 128: 20. Dadalani, M., M.S. Islam, I. Ah
Page 129 and 130: ANNEXESDinajpur•Birol•Bochagonj
Page 131 and 132: Annex 7. Percent of rice farmers us
Page 133 and 134: Annex 12. Boro rice grain productio
Page 135 and 136: Annex 17. Wheat grain production pa
Page 137 and 138: Annex 21. Socio-economic scenario o
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