Studies on Policy Option for Quality Seed Production and ... - NFPCSP

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9) The moisture content of the farmers’ homegrown seed samples ranges from 13.1% to 15.5%,which are higher than that of standard level for wheat (12%). To minimize the metabolicdegradation and to control mold growth, moisture content should ideally be less than 12% inwheat seed, whereas to control insect infestation, it should be even less than 9%. At 14%moisture, grains cannot be safely stored beyond 2 to 3 months.10) A good numbers of farmers store wheat seed in plastic/metallic drum (45%) and the rest of thefarmers in polythene bag (40%). But it was found that a major part (88-93%) of wheat growingfarmers did not practice any intermittent drying for safe storage of wheat seed.11) The wheat farmers get lower BCR from wheat grain/seed cultivation compared to Boro rice orhybrid rice. The BCR in Rajshahi from wheat was higher with values, 1.79, 1.81 and 1.80 forlarge, medium and small farmers, respectively. On the other hand, this figure in Dinajpur was1.60, 1.52 and 1.42; and in Rangpur 1.34, 1.17 and 1.25 respectively for large, medium andsmall farmers.5.3 Crop: Maize1) The farmers mention different constraints for maize cultivation, the major ones are high priceof fertilizers, unavailability of quality fertilizer, insect/pest attack (stem borer, cutworm etc.),low grain price, reducing soil fertility, high price of hybrid seed, damage of late planting maizedue to lodging by storm and low yield (due to late planting). Moreover, seed production fromhybrid maize is not possible, market price is under dealer’s control and existing threshingmethod is too difficult and cumbersome.2) A large proportion of the farmers, especially small farmers (40-50%), receive loan and inputs(seed and fertilizers) for maize cultivation from different NGOs (BRAC, PROSHIKA, ASA,TMSS, Karitas etc.) with the condition of high interest.3) Most of the farmers’ have inadequate knowledge regarding modern cultivation and post harvesttechnologies of maize. The farmers should be given appropriate training on these issues fortheir capacity building that could encourage them in expanding maize area.4) The farmers generally sell their maize products in the local market with uncertainty of price.Almost all the intermediate beneficiaries take the advantage from such marketing but thefarmers are virtually deceived.106
6. POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS6.1 Production Phase1) The farmers’ homegrown seed of rice and wheat is found to be inferior in quality compared tothat of their respective certified seed; evidently due to farmers’ insufficient knowledge on seedproduction technology coupled with low level of input use for seed production. Farmers wouldtherefore need to have access to fresh foundation seed and fertilizers at affordable prices alongwith appropriate training on `Modern Seed Technology` including attention on varietalmaintenance, roughing, fertilizer and irrigation management, pest control, seed processing andstorage. This would help to sufficiently improve the quality status of their homegrown seed.2) Currently the public seed sector (BADC) could supply a small amount of quality seed of cerealcrops (rice, wheat and maize) to the farmers against their huge demand. Therefore, the seedproduction capacity of BADC should be strengthened through proper planning. Besides, theprivate sectors should be facilitated to produce and market quality seed. With establishment oflocal storage facilities, seed cost could be reduced and this can increase the efficiency of thesystem as well. Moreover, farmers’ community level seed production programme should beinitiated through proper inspection by the Seed Certificate Agency (SCA) which would makethe quality seed more affordable to the farmers.3) The current activities of SCA regarding quality control of seed are limited due to insufficienttechnical manpower and lack of modern laboratory facilities for seed testing. The seedcertification system should be strengthened across the country through increasing technicalmanpower and establishing a modern seed testing laboratory at least in each District. The FieldOfficer of SCA should collect spot-samples (including TLS) of cereal seeds on a regular basisfrom the seed dealers, seed companies and local markets for testing. Based on the outcomes,legal action would need to be taken as per to the existing `Seed Related Acts and Rules`approved by the Ministry of Agriculture to ensure transparency and mutual benefits farmersand the private seed companies and seed traders.4) Government action is urgently needed towards controlling seed quality especially in the case ofunlawful seed dissemination from any foreign country to Bangladesh.5) Farmers do not use the recommended dose of fertilizers for seed crop production. Measuresshould, therefore, be taken to mitigate farmers’ knowledge gap of seed production regardinguse of balanced fertilizers. Adequate training must be given to the farmers through theAgriculture Service providers and motivational programs like Farmers’ Day, Field Day, ICMprogram, Community level Awareness program, Community discussion, formation of SeedSociety and Radio talk, and Television program should be regularly conducted.6) Absolute dependence on overseas supply of hybrid maize seed is risky. Therefore, theGovernment should take measures to initiate hybrid maize seed production programmme inaddition to the effort of BARI, and seeds should readily be made available to the farmers.7) There is a tendency for the farmers to not produce grains/seeds of rice and wheat mainly due tolow market price. The computation of production cost with the statistics given by farmers alsosupports this view. The high price of inputs and lack of storage facilities from the viewpoint offarmers’ socio-economic condition are seen to discourage them. Measures should therefore be107
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Final Report PR #6/08Studie
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSTUDIES ON POLICY
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TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive SummaryL
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD.)ChapterPa
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LIST OF TABLESName of the TablesPag
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LIST OF TABLES (CONTD.)Name of the
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LIST OF ANNEXESName of the AnnexesP
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STUDIES ON POLICY OPTION FOR QUALIT
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1.2 Expected outputs of the studyi)
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selected upazilas, the team selecte
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2.10 Preparation and pre-tested of
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3. REVIEW OF LITERATUREThe availabi
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different storage containers ranged
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3.1.3 Maize SeedResearch works on m
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governments’ seed suppliers. As a
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Therefore, under the present study
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experience along with available inp
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findings that the farming community
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Table 4.1.5 Linkage of the family m
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different hybrid varieties of rice
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large farmers had used all types of
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4.1.15 Seed classes used by the ric
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BADC10%Others Farmers5%DAE5%Self80%
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Similarly, farmers’ own seed and
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4.1.25 Drying method used by the ri
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But these types of storage containe
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educed through proper processing an
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4.1.34 Production cost and profitab
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Table 4.1.35 Rice seed production c
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4.1.38 Constraints to rice seed pro
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was probably due to absorption of s
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Table 4.2.2 Major occupation of whe
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4.2.5 Sources of technological supp
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Table 4.2.5 Services received from
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.2.8 Percent of the farmers
Page 71 and 72: Table 4.2.11 Farmers’ opinion abo
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.2.13 Farmers’ choice prio
Page 75 and 76: 4.2.18 Percent of farmers using fer
Page 77 and 78: 4.2.20 Seed drying place of wheat a
Page 79 and 80: 30Frequency distribution20100Std. D
Page 81 and 82: followed by plastic drum (30 points
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.2.26 Wheat seed preservatio
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.2.27 Men, women and childre
Page 87 and 88: espectively. Farmers used FYM at th
Page 89 and 90: Table 4.2.30 Wheat seed production
Page 91 and 92: the amounts of stored wheat seed fo
Page 93 and 94: 8. Termite attack at seedling Insec
Page 95 and 96: percentages of germination, moistur
Page 97 and 98: 4.3.2 Major occupation of maize far
Page 99 and 100: Table 4.3.4 Time line of maize cult
Page 101 and 102: Legend:RajshahiKishoregonjExperienc
Page 103 and 104: 4.3.9 Major cropping patterns pract
Page 105 and 106: yield and production cost and marke
Page 107 and 108: medium farmers in Rajshahi and 85%
Page 109 and 110: significantly affected the maize pr
Page 111 and 112: Harvesting and post harvest managem
Page 113 and 114: In the present study it is observed
Page 115 and 116: 4.3.25 Maize seed demand and propor
Page 117 and 118: 4.4.5 Seed purchase and sale price
Page 119: variety `Swarna’ has leaked throu
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.1 Proposed training program
Page 125 and 126: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAll praises are due
Page 127 and 128: 20. Dadalani, M., M.S. Islam, I. Ah
Page 129 and 130: ANNEXESDinajpur•Birol•Bochagonj
Page 131 and 132: Annex 7. Percent of rice farmers us
Page 133 and 134: Annex 12. Boro rice grain productio
Page 135 and 136: Annex 17. Wheat grain production pa
Page 137 and 138: Annex 21. Socio-economic scenario o
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