Studies on Policy Option for Quality Seed Production and ... - NFPCSP

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ecommended seed rate (120 kg/ha). The main reason behind the use of higher seed rate at all sites isinferior quality of farmers’ homegrown seed compared to the certified seed respect of germinationpercentage and seed health. Moreover, most of the farmers plant their wheat crop in late season afterharvest of long duration preceding T.aman rice. Under this condition, late planted wheat crops produceless number of tillers due to longer exposure to low temperature. In this situation application of higherseed rate may slightly compensate the yield loss. Moreover, a good number of farmers have a generaltendency to use higher seed rate of wheat in order to control the weed population in the field.Fertilizer application to grain/seed crop should be based on recommendations for the sites concern. Awell-balanced supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) is essential for having optimumgrain/seed production as it has a great influence on seed development and thereby on seed quality.Phosphorus is essential for enhancing seed maturity and K for seed development. The present surveyfinding reveal that three categories (large, medium and small) sample farmers in Rajshahi, Dinajpur andRangpur applied the lower rates of manures and fertilizers against the recommended doses except theurea application rate of large farmers (Table 4.2.18). The large farmers used the rate of urea for wheatproduction that was higher than that of recommended doses in Rajshahi and Dinajpur (239 kg and 233kg/ha against the recommended dose of 220 kg/ha). But in Rangpur, the large farmers applied slightlylower rate of urea (215 kg/ha).High N levels may promote vegetative growth, delay maturity,predispose the crop to foliar diseases and lead to severe lodging and reduce yield and seed quality(Tanner et al., 1992). Ascher et al. (1994) reported that seed nutrition combined with soil nutrition gavebetter yields and higher seed quality. However, application of imbalanced rate of manures andfertilizers might cause lower grain yield of wheat along with the nutrient mining of soil.Table 4.2.18 Seed and fertilizer application rate for wheat grain cultivation at the sites (2008-09)Farmers’ category Seed rate (kg/ha)Fertilizers’ application rate in wheat (kg/ha)Cowdung Urea TSP MP Gyp BRajshahiLarge 154 5548 239 95 76 63 5Medium 152 5257 196 85 63 51 6Small 149 2035 178 34 32 29 -Average 152 4280 204 71 57 48 5.5CV (%) 5.5 20.7 7.6 15.6 17.1 21.7 -DinajpurLarge 160 6248 233 85 57 63 5.8Medium 169 5735 186 75 51 58 4.6Small 170 3141 184 64 44 41 4.2Average 166 5041 201 75 51 54 4.9CV (%) 4.7 16.4 6.8 13.7 13.4 17.2 10.1RangpurLarge 160 5341 215 83 62 53 5.4Medium 148 5663 196 79 54 46 5.8Small 145 2252 143 57 46 35 4.3Average 151 4419 185 73 54 45 5.2CV (%) 4.9 17.3 6.9 13.9 16.3 18.7 12.4Average (all sites) 156 4580 197 73 54 49 5.2Recommended 120 7000 220 148 100 125 7.562
4.2.20 Seed drying place of wheat as used by the farmersThe seed moisture content can be used as an indicator for safe storage into the storage containers. At allthe study sites, a lion’s part of the sample farmers (69%, 63% and 65% farmers in Rajshahi, Dinajpurand Rangpur, respectively) dried their wheat grain/seed on the ground ( katcha floor) which was notsufficient for reducing the seed moisture up to the standard level required for `safe storage’ i.e. within10-12% (Table 4.2.19). The percentage of farmers those who dried wheat seed on polythene sheet were23%, 18% and 24% in Rajshahi, Dinajpur and Rangpur, respectively. A fewer number of farmers usedplastic/cloth and cemented (pucca) floor (average of 10% and 3% farmers) for seed drying in the studyareas.Table 4.2.19 Seed drying place of wheat as used by the farmers at the study areasFarmers’ category%farmers drying seeds onSoil ground Pucca floor Polythene sheet Plastic/cloth TotalRajshahiLarge 61 3 24 12 100Medium 64 5 27 4 100Small 81 0 18 1 100Average 69 3 23 6 100CV (%) 10.6 10.7 16.7 17.1 -DinajpurLarge 64 5 23 8 100Medium 54 2 20 24 100Small 72 3 12 13 100Average 63 3 18 15 100CV (%) 11.4 9.7 12.4 19.1 -RangpurLarge 68 3 16 13 100Medium 58 5 31 6 100Small 69 0 26 5 100Average 65 3 24 8 100CV (%) 9.5 15.1 14.3 22.4 -Average (all sites) 66 3 22 10 1004.2.21 Production function for wheat seed/grainThe estimated production function presented in Table 4.2.20 reveals that the regression coefficients offarm size, rate of urea, number of irrigation, number of human labor and seed classes significantlyinfluenced the grain/seed yield of wheat. The seed rate had negative effect on yield. Besides,application of cowdung, TSP and MP had no significant effect on the grain yield of wheat.The earlier survey results presented in Chapter 4.2.18 showed that most of the farmers do not userecommended doses of fertilizers for wheat grain cultivation. The use of urea was moderately bettercompared to the use of other fertilizers. Even in most cases they do not apply any cow dung or non-ureafertilizers (like TSP, MP, gypsum etc.) in their wheat fields. Moreover, the farmers can not maintain themanure quality. They just keep the organic manure in the heap under open sunny place without havingany rain protection shade. Therefore, most of the nutrients, especially the nitrogen content, are leachedout with rainwater, which deteriorates the quality of the manure. This type of manure generally has63
Page 1 and 2:
Final Report PR #6/08Studie
Page 3 and 4:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSTUDIES ON POLICY
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive SummaryL
Page 7 and 8:
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD.)ChapterPa
Page 9 and 10:
LIST OF TABLESName of the TablesPag
Page 11 and 12:
LIST OF TABLES (CONTD.)Name of the
Page 13 and 14:
LIST OF ANNEXESName of the AnnexesP
Page 15 and 16:
STUDIES ON POLICY OPTION FOR QUALIT
Page 17 and 18:
1.2 Expected outputs of the studyi)
Page 19 and 20:
selected upazilas, the team selecte
Page 21 and 22:
2.10 Preparation and pre-tested of
Page 23 and 24:
3. REVIEW OF LITERATUREThe availabi
Page 25 and 26: different storage containers ranged
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.3 Maize SeedResearch works on m
Page 29 and 30: governments’ seed suppliers. As a
Page 31 and 32: Therefore, under the present study
Page 33 and 34: experience along with available inp
Page 35 and 36: findings that the farming community
Page 37 and 38: Table 4.1.5 Linkage of the family m
Page 39 and 40: different hybrid varieties of rice
Page 41 and 42: large farmers had used all types of
Page 43 and 44: 4.1.15 Seed classes used by the ric
Page 45 and 46: BADC10%Others Farmers5%DAE5%Self80%
Page 47 and 48: Similarly, farmers’ own seed and
Page 49 and 50: 4.1.25 Drying method used by the ri
Page 51 and 52: But these types of storage containe
Page 53 and 54: educed through proper processing an
Page 55 and 56: 4.1.34 Production cost and profitab
Page 57 and 58: Table 4.1.35 Rice seed production c
Page 59 and 60: 4.1.38 Constraints to rice seed pro
Page 61 and 62: was probably due to absorption of s
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.2.2 Major occupation of whe
Page 65 and 66: 4.2.5 Sources of technological supp
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.2.5 Services received from
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.2.8 Percent of the farmers
Page 71 and 72: Table 4.2.11 Farmers’ opinion abo
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.2.13 Farmers’ choice prio
Page 75: 4.2.18 Percent of farmers using fer
Page 79 and 80: 30Frequency distribution20100Std. D
Page 81 and 82: followed by plastic drum (30 points
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.2.26 Wheat seed preservatio
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.2.27 Men, women and childre
Page 87 and 88: espectively. Farmers used FYM at th
Page 89 and 90: Table 4.2.30 Wheat seed production
Page 91 and 92: the amounts of stored wheat seed fo
Page 93 and 94: 8. Termite attack at seedling Insec
Page 95 and 96: percentages of germination, moistur
Page 97 and 98: 4.3.2 Major occupation of maize far
Page 99 and 100: Table 4.3.4 Time line of maize cult
Page 101 and 102: Legend:RajshahiKishoregonjExperienc
Page 103 and 104: 4.3.9 Major cropping patterns pract
Page 105 and 106: yield and production cost and marke
Page 107 and 108: medium farmers in Rajshahi and 85%
Page 109 and 110: significantly affected the maize pr
Page 111 and 112: Harvesting and post harvest managem
Page 113 and 114: In the present study it is observed
Page 115 and 116: 4.3.25 Maize seed demand and propor
Page 117 and 118: 4.4.5 Seed purchase and sale price
Page 119 and 120: variety `Swarna’ has leaked throu
Page 121 and 122: 6. POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMEN
Page 123 and 124: Table 6.1 Proposed training program
Page 125 and 126: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAll praises are due
Page 127 and 128:
20. Dadalani, M., M.S. Islam, I. Ah
Page 129 and 130:
ANNEXESDinajpur•Birol•Bochagonj
Page 131 and 132:
Annex 7. Percent of rice farmers us
Page 133 and 134:
Annex 12. Boro rice grain productio
Page 135 and 136:
Annex 17. Wheat grain production pa
Page 137 and 138:
Annex 21. Socio-economic scenario o
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