Studies on Policy Option for Quality Seed Production and ... - NFPCSP

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and 2.1% in the control. Head rice yield was 35.8% in the bin and 27.3% in the control. Germinationrate, however, decreased from 85% to 0% in the airtight bin, whereas it was still 38% in the control.The study has shown that airtight ferro-cement bins provided a safe and convenient method for farmersin the tropics to preserve their harvest for later sale at a higher price.Bam et al. (2007) noted that improved upland rice cultivars stored poorly compared to farmers'traditional cultivars. Therefore a survey was conducted to get an insight into farmers' seed productionand storage practices that are likely to affect seed quality in storage. Germination loss in storage wasrapid at high moisture content and slow at low moisture content. Between 60 and 80% of seedsgerminated after six months storage at 12.8% moisture content. There is a need to improve seed qualityof improved cultivars if farmers are to benefit from their higher yields and grain quality and to improvestorage practices.Schuch et al. (2006) revealed that with the airtight storage, it is possible to store seeds up to 90 dayswith seed moisture content below 15% and up to 180 days when the seeds are stored with less than 13%moisture content.Alam et al. (2009a) evaluated the efficiency of some storage devices on the seed quality of T.aman rice.USA organic cocoon, Germax cocoon, IRRI made storage bag, rexine cocoon and thick poly bagmaintained lower moisture content below the critical level (14%) and maintained an excellentgermination rate (>90%) compared to polythene and gunny bag. Seed vigour, shoot and root growthwere significantly retained when seeds were stored in polythene type of bags and rexine cocoon asthese devices were able to maintain a fair germination range of 82-87%.Alam et al. (2009b) investigated the efficiency of storage devices on seed quality of Boro rice andreported that germination (%) of Boro seeds stored in organic cocoon was significantly the highest(91%) compared to that of rexine cocoon (87%), polythene bag (80%), polythene in gunny bag (79.6)and gunny bag (68%). Seeds stored in organic coc oon performed better in maintaining highergermination due to lower moisture content (12.10%) below the critical level (14%), reduced oxygenlevel (4.9%) and higher proportion of dead insects (97%) caused by reduced oxygen.Rahman et al. (2003a) conducted a storage experiment with Boro rice seeds collected from 70 farmfamilies of Rajshahi district and observed that seed germination, insect damaged seeds, discolored seedsand number of insects ranged from 86.20 to 93.39%, 0.20 to 0.93%, 2.00 to 14.36% and 0.20 to 2.07per 100g rice seeds, respectively depending on the containers and additives used.Rahman et al. (2003b) conducted an experiment in Habigonj district in Bangladesh and reported thatmoisture content and germination of farmers stored rice seeds varied from 11.7 to 16.5% and 71 to78%, respectively with respect to containers and additives used.Rahman (2002) collected T.aman rice seed cv. BR11 from farmers’ storage in different containers andtested for determining the moisture content and germination. The moisture content of the seed in10
different storage containers ranged from 12.30 to 14.14% and the germination capacity ranged from84.06 to 87.94% depending on different storage containers.Fakir et al. (2003) studied the effect of different containers and additives on the quality of Boro riceseed. Moisture content, germination and diseased seedlings were recorded ranging from 12.87% to13.30%, 88.33 to 95.83% and 1.67 to 3.83%, respectively with respect to storage containers andadditives used. Prevalence of storage fungi and field fungi ranged from 2.83 to 35.0% and 1.33 to11.50%, respectively. Number of insect damage seeds and insect population during storage periodranged from 5-79 and 4.60 to 70.00 per 100g seed, respectively.Conducting a storage experiment with Boro rice seeds collected from 70 farm families of Rajshahidistrict, Rahman et al. (2003 a) observed that seed germination, insect damaged seeds and number ofinsects ranged from 86.20 to 93.39%, 0.20 to 0.93% and 0.20 to 2.07 per 100g rice seeds, respectivelydepending on the containers and additives used.Probert et al. (2007) reported that the quality of seed-conservation, collection, and hence their value forspecies reintroduction or restoration, is critically dependent on factors operating in the period betweenthe point of collection and arrival at environmentally controlled processing and storage facilities.However, because seed moisture levels can be considerably higher than when equilibrated with ambientrelative humidity, post-harvest handling decisions should ideally be informed by measurements of seedmoisture at the time of collection, and subsequently seed moisture should be monitored during transit.Vig et al. (2005) examined the quality of 15 rice seed samples collected from farmers in Punjab, India.Three samples (local cultivar and PR 8) were of low physical purity (93 -95%), as the samples did notmeet the minimum requirement of pure seed fraction (98%). Two samples had inert matter (includingbroken seeds, empty glumes, sand, stone, chaff and leaves) more than the certification limit (2.0%). Themoisture content of the 15 samples ranged from 8.5 to 10.7%, which was within the prescribed limit.The germination percentage was 78-99%. The sample showed a germination percentage below theprescribed standard (80%), i.e. PR 8 (79%) and PR 111 (78%). Two samples (Padma and localcultivars) had Tilletia barclayana infection (0.55-0.60%) that exceeded the prescribed limit (0.50%).Dadalani et al. (2003) reported that quality seed is important for good plant stand and high yield. Careis needed not only in selecting a suitable variety but also in using seeds having high levels of purity,germination and sanitation. In Bangladesh, about 20% loss of grain occurs during commercial storageof rice due to various factors. Being self-pollinated, maintenance of genetic purity is simple in rice andrice seeds. Hence, the farmer can use the farmer-saved seed of a good variety for two to three years,without replacing with certified seed, if care is taken from harvest to next sowing in maintaining seedquality.11
Page 1 and 2: Final Report PR #6/08Studie
Page 3 and 4: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYSTUDIES ON POLICY
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive SummaryL
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTD.)ChapterPa
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLESName of the TablesPag
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES (CONTD.)Name of the
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF ANNEXESName of the AnnexesP
Page 15 and 16: STUDIES ON POLICY OPTION FOR QUALIT
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 Expected outputs of the studyi)
Page 19 and 20: selected upazilas, the team selecte
Page 21 and 22: 2.10 Preparation and pre-tested of
Page 23: 3. REVIEW OF LITERATUREThe availabi
Page 27 and 28: 3.1.3 Maize SeedResearch works on m
Page 29 and 30: governments’ seed suppliers. As a
Page 31 and 32: Therefore, under the present study
Page 33 and 34: experience along with available inp
Page 35 and 36: findings that the farming community
Page 37 and 38: Table 4.1.5 Linkage of the family m
Page 39 and 40: different hybrid varieties of rice
Page 41 and 42: large farmers had used all types of
Page 43 and 44: 4.1.15 Seed classes used by the ric
Page 45 and 46: BADC10%Others Farmers5%DAE5%Self80%
Page 47 and 48: Similarly, farmers’ own seed and
Page 49 and 50: 4.1.25 Drying method used by the ri
Page 51 and 52: But these types of storage containe
Page 53 and 54: educed through proper processing an
Page 55 and 56: 4.1.34 Production cost and profitab
Page 57 and 58: Table 4.1.35 Rice seed production c
Page 59 and 60: 4.1.38 Constraints to rice seed pro
Page 61 and 62: was probably due to absorption of s
Page 63 and 64: Table 4.2.2 Major occupation of whe
Page 65 and 66: 4.2.5 Sources of technological supp
Page 67 and 68: Table 4.2.5 Services received from
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.2.8 Percent of the farmers
Page 71 and 72: Table 4.2.11 Farmers’ opinion abo
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.2.13 Farmers’ choice prio
Page 75 and 76:
4.2.18 Percent of farmers using fer
Page 77 and 78:
4.2.20 Seed drying place of wheat a
Page 79 and 80:
30Frequency distribution20100Std. D
Page 81 and 82:
followed by plastic drum (30 points
Page 83 and 84:
Table 4.2.26 Wheat seed preservatio
Page 85 and 86:
Table 4.2.27 Men, women and childre
Page 87 and 88:
espectively. Farmers used FYM at th
Page 89 and 90:
Table 4.2.30 Wheat seed production
Page 91 and 92:
the amounts of stored wheat seed fo
Page 93 and 94:
8. Termite attack at seedling Insec
Page 95 and 96:
percentages of germination, moistur
Page 97 and 98:
4.3.2 Major occupation of maize far
Page 99 and 100:
Table 4.3.4 Time line of maize cult
Page 101 and 102:
Legend:RajshahiKishoregonjExperienc
Page 103 and 104:
4.3.9 Major cropping patterns pract
Page 105 and 106:
yield and production cost and marke
Page 107 and 108:
medium farmers in Rajshahi and 85%
Page 109 and 110:
significantly affected the maize pr
Page 111 and 112:
Harvesting and post harvest managem
Page 113 and 114:
In the present study it is observed
Page 115 and 116:
4.3.25 Maize seed demand and propor
Page 117 and 118:
4.4.5 Seed purchase and sale price
Page 119 and 120:
variety `Swarna’ has leaked throu
Page 121 and 122:
6. POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMEN
Page 123 and 124:
Table 6.1 Proposed training program
Page 125 and 126:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAll praises are due
Page 127 and 128:
20. Dadalani, M., M.S. Islam, I. Ah
Page 129 and 130:
ANNEXESDinajpur•Birol•Bochagonj
Page 131 and 132:
Annex 7. Percent of rice farmers us
Page 133 and 134:
Annex 12. Boro rice grain productio
Page 135 and 136:
Annex 17. Wheat grain production pa
Page 137 and 138:
Annex 21. Socio-economic scenario o
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