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MONETARY HISTORY OF KIEV IN THE PRE-MONGOL PERIOD 403find it. This is evident in a study of the silver ingots of the so-called Kievtype. Ingots of precious metal were already present in Eastern Europe bythe ninth century. For instance, the Uglich hoard of 1879 from the upperVolga contained 205 whole dirhams, the most recent of which dated to829/30, plus 909 dirham fragments and five silver bars which weighed,respectively, 149g, 114.6g, 111.6g, 96.5g, and 63. lg. 82 The 1867 Iagoshuryhoard from the former Viatka gubernia comprised about 1,500 dirhams, themost recent of which dated to 842/43, and a silver bar weighing 76.8g. 83Silver ingots were also found in several tenth-century coin-treasure hoards.The Kopiivka hoard, deposited in Vinnytsia oblast' of the Ukraine, contained,among other things, 500 dirhams, the most recent of which dated to954/55, and two silver ingots shaped like sticks. 84 The 1907 Tatarskii Tolkishhoard from the former Kazan' gubernia consisted of 957 dirhams datingbetween 875 and 984/85, as well as two round silver ingots weighing 94.6gand 88.4g. 85 The 1883 hoard from Borshchivka in Volhynia gubemia,which dates to the second half of the tenth century, contained 42 silveringots weighing from 25g to 108g. 86 Finally, silver ingots of various shapeswere found in a number of eleventh-century hoards. The 1920 StaraiaLadoga hoard, deposited ca. 1010, contained two long silver ingots(118.6g. and 101.6g). 87 The 1912 Denysy hoard, deposited ca. 1020,included a long silver ingot that weighed either 117.9g or 139g. 88 The 1902hoard from Veliko-Seletskoe, deposited ca. 1025, had a long silver ingotweighing 245.9g. 89 The 1898 Strazhevichi hoard, deposited ca. 1040, containedfour long silver ingots of unknown weight. 90 The 1903 hoard fromStrazhevichi, deposited ca. 1045, included two long silver ingots weighing201.7g and 101.6g, a gold ingot of 78.8g, and four round silver ingots of37.2g, 19.5g, 12.2g, and 10.lg. 91 The 1903 Veliko-Seletskoe hoard,82Thomas S. Noonan, "Ninth-Century Dirham Hoards from European Russia: A PreliminaryAnalysis," in Viking-Age Coinage in the Northern Lands, p. 94, no. 32; N. Bauer, "Die SilberundGoldbarren des russischen Mittelalters: Eine archaologische Studie," NumismatischeZeitschrift 62 (1929): 81, no. 2.83Noonan, "Ninth-Century Dirham Hoards," pp. 99-101, no. 40; Bauer, "Die Silber-," p.81, no. 3.84Korzukhina, Klady, p. 84, no. 16.85Bauer, "Die Silber-," p. 94, no. 26; V. V. Kropotkin, "Novye nakhodki sasanidskikh ikuficheskikh monet v Vostochnoi Evrope," Numizmatika i epigrafika 9 (1971): 88, no. 122.86Bauer, "Die Silber-," pp. 85-86, no. 16; Korzukhina, Klady, p. 85, no. 17.87Bauer, "Die Silber-," p. 82, no. 5; Korzukhina, Klady, p. 102, no. 60.88Bauer, "Die Silber-," p. 82, no. 6; Korzukhina, Klady, p. 85, no. 18.89Bauer, "Die Silber-," p. 84, no. 7.90Bauer, "Die Silber-," p. 84, no. 8; Korzukhina, Klady, pp. 95-96, no. 45.91Bauer, "Die Silber-," p. 84, no. 9; p. 90, no. 8; p. 92, no. 24. Korzukhina, Klady, pp.96-97, no. 46.