HARVARD UKRAINIAN STUDIES - See also - Harvard University

Reviews 563Russia meant that Ukrainian tax monies were actually underwriting local educationin Russia to a far greater extent than the small grants made by the Union to theUkraine. 3 In fact, figures published in Soviet Ukraine at this time showed that theUkraine's gross budgetary return on its contribution to the USSR was even lowerthan its return on taxes paid to the Russian Empire had been before the revolution:while in 1913 the Ukraine received 88.5 kopeks in expenditures for each ruble paidin taxes to the Russian Empire, in 1924-25 it received only 84.5 kopeks back oneach ruble contributed to the USSR. 4 It was this sort of increased fiscal exploitationthat in 1928 formed the basis of Myxajlo Volobujev's famous critique of Sovieteconomic policy.In short, while it is all to the good that Soviet Ukrainian historians even in 1981virtually ceased to attack the "nationalistic deviations" of half a century ago, onehopes that someday they will write a factual history about the post-revolutionaryperiod.James E. MaceWashington, D.C.MASTERPIECES IN WOOD: HOUSES OF WORSHIP INUKRAINE. By Titus D. Hewryk. New York: The UkrainianMuseum, 1987. 112 pp. $20.00.This new exhibit catalogue by Titus D. Hewryk, author of The Lost Architecture ofKiev (Ukrainian Museum, 1982), is, if anything, an even more valuable work thanhis earlier one. Apart from the detailed and knowledgeable text, with notes, bibliography,and a glossary of technical terms, the catalogue includes 198 illustrations—most of them high-quality photographs of Ukrainian wooden churches and details ofsame constructed over the last two centuries or more. This is an astonishing displayof architecture by any standard, and a moving reminder of another world that is nowlargely lost.The territorial and chronological range of Hewryk's examples and resultanttypology permit us to see clearly the genuine uniqueness of Ukrainian woodenchurch architecture as compared with, most notably, that of Russia. Such uniquenessconsists primarily in the sheer variety of structures erected along with their fantasticalelaboration, both features seen especially in roof designs and the many typesof shingles used. The early and extensive planing of logs, producing a more finishedwall; the skillful adaptation of masonry forms (for example, the Baroque dome); and3Rzevusskij, "Rol' subventsii v mestnom bjudzete Ukrainy," Ukrainskij ekonomist, 16 September1926. See also Kyjanyn, "Na Ukrajini," Nova Ukrajina, 1926, no. 1/2, p. 122.4O. Popov, "Narodne hospodarstvo Ukrajiny ta Radjans'kyj Sojuz," Cervonyj sljax, 1925,no. 8, p. 66.