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The problems of geography and geography education in TurkeyFinancial and social problems: There are not sufficient adequate sources for geographyresearch and development.Related to vocational identity problems: In Turkey, there are two kinds of geographydepartments in the universities. One of them is training teachers and the otheris educating graduates to undertake geographical research. But because there are noexact definitions of their duties there are some difficulties.Problems related to curriculum: In Turkey, there have regularly been changes inthe school schedules. But curriculum development is behind the times. Currently anew curriculum is being prepared, this aims to bring Turkish geography accordancewith other countries of the world.Related to teacher candidate problems: There are few adequate applicants tobecome geography teachers because of an out-of-date curriculum and traditionalteaching approaches. This is also due to government policies that do not promoteteaching, candidate teachers in the universities have serious anxiety about their future(Kayan, 2000, Koçman, 1999).Related to school book problems: School books generally have inadequate currentinformation, they are not written to meet the needs of the students and support theirlearning.Inadequacy of practice: Trainee teachers in the geography departments of the universitieshave few chances to practice; they thus graduate inexperienced (Kayan, 2000).Related to lack of training services: There is no adequate in service training forthe graduate students, they therefore cannot be made sufficiently aware of learningand teaching innovations (Özey, 1998).Being not able to benefit from the education technologies: A lack of resourcesand training opportunities means that teachers cannot benefit from technologicalinnovations like computers, the Internet and GIS.Geography education with regards to university, primary and secondaryschoolsIn Turkey, there are geography lessons in primary and secondary school education.Geography is taught in social studies (stage 4−8) lessons in primary school, andthere are geography lessons in secondary school (stage of 9−12). In Turkey, there arecurrently 19 geography departments in differently university (Table 1).Table 1. The institutes of geography in TurkeyUniversityFaculty1 University of Afyon Kocatepe Usak Faculty of Science and Literature2 University of Afyon Kocatepe Faculty of Science and Literature3 University of Ankara Faculty of Language history and geography4 University of Atatürk Faculty of Science and Literature5 University of Atatürk Faculty of Education6 University of Balikesir Faculty of Science and Literature204
7 University of Canakkale 18 Mart Faculty of Science and Literature8 University of Canakkale 18 Mart Faculty of Education9 University of Dicle Faculty of Education10 University of Dokuz Eylül Faculty of Education11 University of Ege Faculty of Science and Literature12 University of Firat Faculty of Science and Literature13 University of Gazi Faculty of Education14 University of Istanbul Faculty of Science and Literature15 University of Sutcu Imam Faculty of Science and Literature16 University of Marmara Faculty of Education17 University of 19 Mayis Faculty of Science and Literature18 University of Selcuk Faculty of Education19 University of 100. Yil Faculty of Science and LiteratureTotal12 science and literature faculties7 education facultiesConclusionAs result, considerable developments have been gained in the area of the geographyeducation in Turkey. In order to guarantee continuity of these developments andto increase the international competitiveness, as specified in the Bologna process,convergence has been created in terms of criteria and methodologies. Additionally,the ways of transnational education, accreditation, credit systems and quality assurancehave been opened so that the intergovernmental cooperation can be achieved.It is therefore clear that the higher education institutions in Turkey have a uniqueopportunity to shape their own European future and to play a crucial role in thedevelopment and implementation of the Bologna process.References1. ERINÇ S. 1973. Cumhuriyetin 50. Yilinda Türkiye’de Cografya, Başbakanlik KültürMüsteşarligi, Cumhuriyetin 50. Yildönümü Yayinlari: 11, Ankara.2. IZBIRAK R. 1976. Türkiye’de Son Yarim Içinde Cografya Alaninda Gelişmeler, A.Ü.Dil ve Tarih Cografya Fakültesi, yay. No: 257, Ankara.3. KAYAN I. 2000 Türkiye Üniversitelerinde Cografya Egitimi, Ege Cografya Dergisi,sayi: 11, Izmir.4. KOÇMAN A. 1999. Cumhuriyet Döneminde Yüksek Ögretim Kurumlarinda CografyaÖgretimi ve Sorunlari, Ege Cografya Dergisi, sayi: 10, Izmir.5. ÖZEY R. 1998. Türkiye Üniversitelerinde Cografya Egitimi ve Ögretimi. ÖzegitimYayinlari № 33, Istanbul.205
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Changing Horizons inGeography Educa
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ContributorsAnouk AdangFaculty of G
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Margaret C. KeaneSt Mary’s Univer
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Artur ReligaDepartment of Geography
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Contents1. Exciting Geography......
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Barbara Katharina Mayerhofer, Teach
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How to design and implement excitin
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only increase their motivation to l
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Ministry of Education. Having in mi
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eEurope and the Bologna agendaIn hi
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The main learning approachesencoura
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as a vibrant exciting subject at un
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include ICT as part of the educatio
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19. RICHARDSON J. A. 2001. Collabor
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class using identical instructions
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ability to hold and move a load is
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the range of practical activities.
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Multimedia learning of geographical
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• an organizer and manager of a l
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Geographical fieldwork in forestsJa
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One of these field study laboratori
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learning“, to develop and then in
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egin). It is referred to the inter-
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overruled by the judge and some sus
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esses or their reciprocal relations
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formulated one of key principles in
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Dress rehearsalHow should a present
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of the world, but multiple maps of
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focused on landscape, climate, popu
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ments in academic geography, could
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Training geography teachers in Pola
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a series of intellectual as well as
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• optional subject (30 hours) use
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of the lower levels of education. H
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• the one-subject model: the cont
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delivery, and the methods of the pa
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• Pathways signal important tasks
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Geography competitions as stimuli f
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Figure 1. Changes in the structure
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Challenges for the futureNowadays t
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A perspective from the United State
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The process of GIS inquiry - Thinki
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Remote Sensing in Geography Educati
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IntroductionThe Democratic Republic
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images visualise the “tree vegeta
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PART TWOProfessional Developmentand
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Key elements of an introductory stu
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Some textbooks also provide self-le
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Geography programs and BolognaThere
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equirements. In the faculties of Ar
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Even though this only is a short an
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Background of international student
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students in their language skills.
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International collaboration in dist
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Designing and teaching the distance
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audio lectures - one for presenting
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enrolled in geography courses at po
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development experience. Whilst Craf
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Networking and social diffusion of
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is mistreated, the culture is a-cul
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3. ABALAR. 2004. “Editorial”, i
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to gather process and store spatial
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1. Fundamental to understanding GIS
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The Future of Geography and Geograp
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of geography. In Singapore Social S
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geography should become much more s
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the handful of disciplines that has
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and respected and the institutional
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3. The strength of school and unive
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It is quite clear that Vidal de la
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Effective Practices in Distance Edu
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on to the other satellite school. O
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4. Ministry of Education. 1999. The
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schools is the result of the role e
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Page 156 and 157: Charles University geography gradua
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Page 166 and 167: can convene. Details of these modul
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Page 170 and 171: The assessment must form the basis
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Page 174 and 175: The Relationship between Geography
Page 176 and 177: Geography and Territory Planning ha
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Page 180 and 181: Why Managers from Multinational Com
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Page 184 and 185: ContextUtrecht University is a larg
Page 186 and 187: Typical is the very open atmosphere
Page 188 and 189: Times of Change for Geography Educa
Page 190 and 191: where it is divided into specific b
Page 192 and 193: • traditional versus progressive
Page 194 and 195: on European Dimension of Teaching g
Page 196 and 197: With the ongoing development of tel
Page 198 and 199: Figure 2. Present at Annual Congres
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Page 202 and 203: An evaluation of geographyand geogr
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Page 208 and 209: Then these results were compared to
Page 210 and 211: Figure 9. Countries mentioned by th
Page 212 and 213: Internationalizing geography in hig
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Page 218 and 219: The Position of Geography Graduates
Page 220 and 221: have also affected the number ofGeo
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Page 224 and 225: In the Primary school curriculum, G
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Page 230 and 231: What Europe do we teach?A view from
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Page 236 and 237: Geography Forum: Intercultural Lear
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Page 242 and 243: Higher education (University) as a
Page 244 and 245: This table shows the importance of
Page 246 and 247: the studies on what exists, to cons
Page 248 and 249: 248taught in the foreign language e
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Page 252 and 253: Do you speak European? or: Why even
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Years’ Religious War in the 17 th
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Why geographers should be able to s
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Intercultural education in Italian
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of geography in the process of inte
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9. BRUSA C., ed. 2002. Processi di
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Nowadays, according to the literatu
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In the gymnasium and in high school
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3. Dziennik Ustaw nr 61 z dnia 19 c
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Crick advocates these principles by
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dropping litter. There is circle ti
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and learning. Kerala is an exporter
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The role of geographical education
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ole: they form attitudes, views, pr
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Field lessons can engage the pupil
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to explore regional issues when tea
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Some backgroundFor a number of year
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issues that will shape the future g
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Geography and Environmental Science
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(2000) cautioned an awareness of cu
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Geography and Languages in Intercul
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Table 1. The most widely taught for
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the whole world will, according to
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References1. CALVET L. J. 2002. Le
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Sustainable development: let geogra
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predecessor “green,” or the pre
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8. GUNN A. S., “Professional Ethi
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Much research in Environmental Educ
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Sustainability, Development and Sec
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includes geography. The context is,
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• protected areas8. Landscape sec
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Developing geographical professiona
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tion contributes to the growth of e
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cooperative learning using as theor
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Studyng climate and water resources
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By signing and ratifying the Kyoto
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and political implications of plann
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8. UNITED NATIONS 1997. Kyoto Proto
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Conference Changing Horizons in Geo
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