Changing Horizons in Geography Education - HERODOT Network ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

GIS-Use in Geography Lessons at Schools,Colleges and Universities – Innovation and ChallengeYvonne Schleicher 1 , Mark Lawrence 21Pädagogische Hochschule Weingarten, University of Education, Kirchplatz 2,88250 Weingarten, Germany.e-mail: schleicher@ph-weingarten.de2Bemidji State University, Department of Geography & Political Science,1500 Birchmont Drive, Bemidji, Minnesota 56601 USA.e-mail: mlawrence@bemidjistate.eduKey Words: GIS, Geographical EducationIntroductionOutside schools and universities, GIS is spreading into all kinds of professions(geomarketing, precision farming, city administration); with a current growth rateof about 15% per year, there are now nearly a million GIS users worldwide. Butthe connection between the “real world” and geographic education at schools anduniversities remains poor. In the United States, only about 50,000 university students(barely 0.2%) receive GIS education currently; similar situations are found in Europe(ESRI 2000; U.S. Census Bureau 2002).From the outset, a number of obvious questions arise: How, where and when dowe teach in school with GIS? Since most GIS education involves training withoutmuch theoretical preparation, the great potential of GIS is still unknown to moststudents and teachers. For research projects also, it is a great challenge to find outwhether Patrick Wiegand was right in saying: “GIS represents, in my opinion, thesingle biggest contribution geographers have made to society and economy since theAge of Discovery” (Wiegand, 2001, p. 68).GIS in Geographic Education at universities – A perspective from GermanyCurrently, the German teacher-education system doesn’t include GIS education asa basic competence for geography teachers, so it is based on their own commitmentand optional offerings by the universities. Once the higher education system startsto follow a Bachelors-and-Masters-Curriculum through the Bologna-Process, EuropeanAgreement 2010, for our teacher education, there will be a chance to integrateGIS techniques into Bachelors modules to learn about the potentials of GIS, whilein Masters modules for geographic education/teacher education, we will be able tofocus on the didactics of how to integrate GIS in a school curriculum. Such an integrativecurriculum will require exchange between geography professors and thoseof geographic education.84
A perspective from the United StatesWorldwide, half the number of professionals using GIS as a part of their job are foundin the United States, and about 20,000 schools there are now using GIS (EducationWorld, 2004). At least 1400 American colleges and universities are involved, but onlyabout 53% of the demand for Masters-level graduates with intensive GIS education isbeing met (ESRI 2000). Most professional preparation amounts to only a single GIScourse, while a growing effort at professional certification calls for the successfulcompletion of at least four courses. Because the university system in the U.S. is muchless prescriptive than for example in Germany, there is less coordination or concernabout what a standard GIS education should be for future teachers. At Bemidji StateUniversity (BSU) for example, GIS training of teachers is indistinguishable fromthat provided to natural resource specialists, political scientists, or criminal justicestudents. Still, nationally some remarkable examples of GIS curriculum are foundin especially poor areas and in schools with predominantly minority populations,which is of special interest for BSU because of the presence in northern Minnesotaof three large Indian reservations.BSU offers a “Geographic Information Systems” course and a “Techniques inGIS” course, with initial exposure in a university-wide “Introduction to Map Use”course. There is no specific program for geographic education, but the social studieseducation unit is housed in the Department of Geography & Political Science, whichalso holds summer workshops for already licensed teachers wishing to add GIScompetence. Six undergraduate degree options are offered to majors in geography,four of which include some GIS coursework. Three of the major options are preprofessionalplanning programs; the fourth is a Bachelor of Science program specificallyemphasizing GIS, including not only three GIS courses but also three computerprogramming or data modelling courses, an internship experience, and a site analysisand planning needs assessment element. A 7-course GIS minor for non-geographerswill be offered for the first time in the 2005-2006 academic year including curriculummodification to provide an “Advanced GIS” course. While BSU is not necessarilytypical of American universities, its efforts (especially in light of limited staffingand material resources given its remote location and a student population of onlyabout 6000) reveal the growing need to more than merely acquaint students withGIS software.Student reactions to GISNonetheless, it seems to be a global effect: students’ first steps in GIS are connectedto frustration about the complexity of mastering the software, and as soon as youstart to work on the next step, most of the knowledge from the previous lectureseems to be lost. At BSU, two weeks of a 14-week semester are spent just gainingfamiliarity with the ArcView “general user interface.” Basic exploration of datasetsbundled with the software, together with a project designed to have students testa geographical hypothesis, take at least two more weeks. Optimally, students shouldbe able to gather new data from beyond the material supplied with the software, anddevelop confidence manipulating that information, too. When 63 students in the BSU85
Page 3 and 4:
Changing Horizons inGeography Educa
Page 5 and 6:
ContributorsAnouk AdangFaculty of G
Page 7 and 8:
Margaret C. KeaneSt Mary’s Univer
Page 9 and 10:
Artur ReligaDepartment of Geography
Page 11 and 12:
Contents1. Exciting Geography......
Page 13:
Barbara Katharina Mayerhofer, Teach
Page 17 and 18:
How to design and implement excitin
Page 19 and 20:
only increase their motivation to l
Page 21 and 22:
Ministry of Education. Having in mi
Page 23 and 24:
eEurope and the Bologna agendaIn hi
Page 25 and 26:
The main learning approachesencoura
Page 27 and 28:
as a vibrant exciting subject at un
Page 29 and 30:
include ICT as part of the educatio
Page 31 and 32:
19. RICHARDSON J. A. 2001. Collabor
Page 33 and 34: class using identical instructions
Page 35 and 36: ability to hold and move a load is
Page 37 and 38: the range of practical activities.
Page 39 and 40: Multimedia learning of geographical
Page 41 and 42: • an organizer and manager of a l
Page 43 and 44: Geographical fieldwork in forestsJa
Page 45 and 46: One of these field study laboratori
Page 47 and 48: learning“, to develop and then in
Page 49 and 50: egin). It is referred to the inter-
Page 51 and 52: overruled by the judge and some sus
Page 53 and 54: esses or their reciprocal relations
Page 55 and 56: formulated one of key principles in
Page 57 and 58: Dress rehearsalHow should a present
Page 59 and 60: of the world, but multiple maps of
Page 61 and 62: focused on landscape, climate, popu
Page 63 and 64: ments in academic geography, could
Page 65 and 66: Training geography teachers in Pola
Page 67 and 68: a series of intellectual as well as
Page 69 and 70: • optional subject (30 hours) use
Page 71 and 72: of the lower levels of education. H
Page 73 and 74: • the one-subject model: the cont
Page 75 and 76: delivery, and the methods of the pa
Page 77 and 78: • Pathways signal important tasks
Page 79 and 80: Geography competitions as stimuli f
Page 81 and 82: Figure 1. Changes in the structure
Page 83: Challenges for the futureNowadays t
Page 87 and 88: The process of GIS inquiry - Thinki
Page 89 and 90: Remote Sensing in Geography Educati
Page 91 and 92: IntroductionThe Democratic Republic
Page 93 and 94: images visualise the “tree vegeta
Page 95: PART TWOProfessional Developmentand
Page 98 and 99: Key elements of an introductory stu
Page 100 and 101: Some textbooks also provide self-le
Page 102 and 103: Geography programs and BolognaThere
Page 104 and 105: equirements. In the faculties of Ar
Page 106 and 107: Even though this only is a short an
Page 108 and 109: Background of international student
Page 110 and 111: students in their language skills.
Page 112 and 113: International collaboration in dist
Page 114 and 115: Designing and teaching the distance
Page 116 and 117: audio lectures - one for presenting
Page 118 and 119: enrolled in geography courses at po
Page 120 and 121: development experience. Whilst Craf
Page 122 and 123: Networking and social diffusion of
Page 124 and 125: is mistreated, the culture is a-cul
Page 126 and 127: 3. ABALAR. 2004. “Editorial”, i
Page 128 and 129: to gather process and store spatial
Page 130 and 131: 1. Fundamental to understanding GIS
Page 132 and 133: The Future of Geography and Geograp
Page 134 and 135:
of geography. In Singapore Social S
Page 136 and 137:
geography should become much more s
Page 138 and 139:
the handful of disciplines that has
Page 140 and 141:
and respected and the institutional
Page 142 and 143:
3. The strength of school and unive
Page 144 and 145:
It is quite clear that Vidal de la
Page 146 and 147:
Effective Practices in Distance Edu
Page 148 and 149:
on to the other satellite school. O
Page 150 and 151:
4. Ministry of Education. 1999. The
Page 152 and 153:
schools is the result of the role e
Page 154 and 155:
• A statistically significant dif
Page 156 and 157:
Charles University geography gradua
Page 158 and 159:
Table 1. First job in studied field
Page 160 and 161:
importance in geography study progr
Page 162 and 163:
The Anglo-Saxon model was collectiv
Page 164 and 165:
academic science. I do believe that
Page 166 and 167:
can convene. Details of these modul
Page 168 and 169:
preparation and to some extent, tea
Page 170 and 171:
The assessment must form the basis
Page 172 and 173:
The teaching shall build on the pup
Page 174 and 175:
The Relationship between Geography
Page 176 and 177:
Geography and Territory Planning ha
Page 178 and 179:
we wished, of course we have obtain
Page 180 and 181:
Why Managers from Multinational Com
Page 182 and 183:
able to have training in different
Page 184 and 185:
ContextUtrecht University is a larg
Page 186 and 187:
Typical is the very open atmosphere
Page 188 and 189:
Times of Change for Geography Educa
Page 190 and 191:
where it is divided into specific b
Page 192 and 193:
• traditional versus progressive
Page 194 and 195:
on European Dimension of Teaching g
Page 196 and 197:
With the ongoing development of tel
Page 198 and 199:
Figure 2. Present at Annual Congres
Page 200 and 201:
It is expected that the more active
Page 202 and 203:
An evaluation of geographyand geogr
Page 204 and 205:
The problems of geography and geogr
Page 206 and 207:
Europe in geographical education -
Page 208 and 209:
Then these results were compared to
Page 210 and 211:
Figure 9. Countries mentioned by th
Page 212 and 213:
Internationalizing geography in hig
Page 214 and 215:
nationalize their undergraduate and
Page 216 and 217:
Groups also focus on international
Page 218 and 219:
The Position of Geography Graduates
Page 220 and 221:
have also affected the number ofGeo
Page 222 and 223:
The majority answered that they wou
Page 224 and 225:
In the Primary school curriculum, G
Page 226 and 227:
the efficacy of the teaching and le
Page 228 and 229:
228
Page 230 and 231:
What Europe do we teach?A view from
Page 232 and 233:
The regional approach is used in on
Page 234 and 235:
The syllabi reflect mainly that the
Page 236 and 237:
Geography Forum: Intercultural Lear
Page 238 and 239:
Was Intercultural Competence promot
Page 240 and 241:
of geographical education in our un
Page 242 and 243:
Higher education (University) as a
Page 244 and 245:
This table shows the importance of
Page 246 and 247:
the studies on what exists, to cons
Page 248 and 249:
248taught in the foreign language e
Page 250 and 251:
as K. De Bot calls it, is a variety
Page 252 and 253:
Do you speak European? or: Why even
Page 254 and 255:
Years’ Religious War in the 17 th
Page 256 and 257:
Why geographers should be able to s
Page 258 and 259:
Intercultural education in Italian
Page 260 and 261:
of geography in the process of inte
Page 262 and 263:
9. BRUSA C., ed. 2002. Processi di
Page 264 and 265:
Nowadays, according to the literatu
Page 266 and 267:
In the gymnasium and in high school
Page 268 and 269:
3. Dziennik Ustaw nr 61 z dnia 19 c
Page 270 and 271:
Crick advocates these principles by
Page 272 and 273:
dropping litter. There is circle ti
Page 274 and 275:
and learning. Kerala is an exporter
Page 276 and 277:
The role of geographical education
Page 278 and 279:
ole: they form attitudes, views, pr
Page 280 and 281:
Field lessons can engage the pupil
Page 282 and 283:
to explore regional issues when tea
Page 284 and 285:
Some backgroundFor a number of year
Page 286 and 287:
issues that will shape the future g
Page 288 and 289:
Geography and Environmental Science
Page 290 and 291:
(2000) cautioned an awareness of cu
Page 292 and 293:
Geography and Languages in Intercul
Page 294 and 295:
Table 1. The most widely taught for
Page 296 and 297:
the whole world will, according to
Page 298 and 299:
References1. CALVET L. J. 2002. Le
Page 300 and 301:
Sustainable development: let geogra
Page 302 and 303:
predecessor “green,” or the pre
Page 304 and 305:
8. GUNN A. S., “Professional Ethi
Page 306 and 307:
Much research in Environmental Educ
Page 308 and 309:
Sustainability, Development and Sec
Page 310 and 311:
includes geography. The context is,
Page 312 and 313:
• protected areas8. Landscape sec
Page 314 and 315:
Developing geographical professiona
Page 316 and 317:
tion contributes to the growth of e
Page 318 and 319:
cooperative learning using as theor
Page 320 and 321:
Studyng climate and water resources
Page 322 and 323:
By signing and ratifying the Kyoto
Page 324 and 325:
and political implications of plann
Page 326 and 327:
8. UNITED NATIONS 1997. Kyoto Proto
Page 328:
Conference Changing Horizons in Geo
show all

Changing Horizons in Geography Education - HERODOT Network ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?