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laminary and get the required thickness. The tool thatis used in the adornment of the bind is the mold.According to the contents of the book, the suitablemolds are applied to the cover of the bind. The patternis transferred to the bind of the book with thehelp of the molds. Of course, not every binding coveris made by means of molds. Lake bindings are decoratedwith brush and paint. Likewise jeweled bindingsare jewelry masterpieces.In embellishing of the covers it is generally used thegold. Yellow, red and green are preferred. I would liketo convey to you what our teacher Necmeddin Okyayhas transplanted to us. He used to tell us how thegold turns into the leaf. There is a marble of 40 squarecentimeters. There is a cavern in the marble. Somecoal is burned in this cavern so that the marble getshot. On the marble, a small piece of gold is beatenbetween two parts of gazelle skin. The gold is hammeredfor 30 thousand times. Of course, these blowsare light. The gold becomes thinner by every blow andit parts into four pieces. A piece is taken and beatenagain. This piece spreads again. This process continuesuntil the gold leaves are very thin. The gold leavesbecome so thin that the zerkub (gold beater) is afraidof breathing.The gold used in the books today would be preparedthis way in the past. The gold is used in the cover afterbeing smashed. Gold can be smashed with Arabianglue for hours. The more the gold is smashed, themore fertile it becomes. The bookbinder who adornsthe book covers combines the covers to the book.And the book is ready to keep the information andthe culture for generations. Though there is no end tothe tools in the art of binding, those are the essentialtools to be found in a bindery:Stamp, scissors for carton, maiden, impact press,wheel, stake, press, clamp, mangle, oil stone, bindercaldron, tube, ripsaw, molds, curved knives, scissors,hammers, prickers, nibbling nails, guilloche, compasses,marbles, rulers, cartons, thrown silk, beeswax, Arabianglue, papers, leathers, needles, brushes, gauzes,glues, gold...Since it is difficult to collect all of these materials, thereare so few binders today. That is because he tries todo all the work that is done by 30 people in the bindery.As he cannot find all the materials, he prepareseverything by himself. This much patience, sufferingand labor lead the binder to the maturity. The artistsof binding are those who can maintain the traditionalTurkish art of binding.In order to reach to the maturity in the art, the personshould have reached to his own maturity. Otherwise,the person only deceives himself.93