Human Resources in Canada's Built Heritage Sector: Mapping the ...

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MAPPING THE WORK FORCE AND SETTING STRATEGIC PRIORITIES8. Professional andTechnical OccupationsProfessionals in Heritage Policy and Administration:Heritage Policy Administrators:Heritage policy is a primarily a governmental function, although heritage organizations in the non-profitsector are also involved in this area through their advocacy and advisory functions. All three levels of governmentare involved in the formulation and administration of heritage policy. Larger municipalities may employspecialized professionals in this area. Smaller municipalities are more likely to engage consultants or to assignheritage matters to their urban planning officials.There are various levels of heritage policy administrators. At the senior level, individuals formulate policyrecommendations, devise strategic plans for portfolios of heritage assets, and develop economic strategiesinvolving heritage assets. At intermediate levels, individuals providing support to the policy process. Both seniorand intermediate levels are also involved in administering heritage policies. Junior levels provide support toboth functions.Individuals working in the heritage policy field commonly have post-graduate training in a related discipline.However, participants in interviews and workshops indicated that most of the skills which are relevant toemployment in the heritage policy field are learned through experience. Participation in internationalconferences is important in understanding developments in heritage strategy in other jurisdictions. There isno professional association for public servants who work in the heritage policy field. Many individuals inthis field maintain memberships in professionals associations that pertain to their ‘home discipline,’ e.g.,architecture, conservation, history, etc.Heritage Programme Administrators:Programme administration is focused on delivery. As such, programme administrators are involved in budgeting,human resource deployment, site management, and cultural and historical content programming. Outreachand advocacy are also important aspects of heritage programme administration. In many instances, individualshave responsibilities in heritage policy as well as heritage programme administration. Along with governments,non-governmental bodies also play important roles in heritage programme administration.Heritage programme administrators are typically trained at the post-graduate level in a related discipline.Similar to heritage policy administrators, most heritage programme administrators learned the preponderanceof the skills related to their work through practical experience. There is no professional association forheritage programme administrators, though like heritage policy administrators, many individuals maintainmemberships in their ‘home discipline.’Heritage Planners, Site Managers and Administrators:Heritage planning involves developing and administering conservation strategies for specific heritage sites andalso developing and managing cultural and historical programming related to the site. In larger heritage sites,these functions may be divided. However, in many sites, the functions are combined. Individuals who carryout both functions are likely to be professionally qualified in one area and to learn through experience theskills required to function effectively in the other area.©CULTURAL HUMAN RESOURCES COUNCIL41
HUMAN RESOURCES IN CANADA’S BUILT HERITAGE SECTOROpportunities for professional development, though limited, are broader than for heritage policy andheritage programme administrators. Parks Canada and the Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) bothoffer technical courses on conservation and restoration. The CCI also offers advanced courses in certainconservation-related fields. CCI’s mandate, it should be noted applies to collections, as well as to builtheritage structures. Training courses are also available through the Association for Preservation TechnologyInternational (APT). APT’s 2005 annual conference will be held in Halifax.Professional Heritage ConsultantsProfessional heritage consultants are engaged by governments, private owners, and private developers.Consultants work in a range of fields. Some assist governments in developing heritage strategies. Otherconsultants assist governments and private owners in assessing the heritage value of a particular property anddevising a preservation or restoration strategy for that property. Heritage consultants come to the fieldfrom a variety of backgrounds. Most have post-graduate training in a related field such as conservation,archaeology, architecture, fine art or history. Some individuals also hold related academic appointments.Consultants whom we interviewed reported that most of the skills they apply were acquired throughexperience. While all individuals in the built heritage sector stressed the importance of experience, this themewas especially pronounced in our interviews with consultants.Professional heritage consultants come from a range of specialized disciplines. They commonly belong toprofessional associations in their ‘home discipline.’ The Canadian Association of Profession HeritageConsultants (CAPHC) was established in 1987. CAPHC is distinctive in bringing together professionalsfrom all of the disciplines that work in the built heritage sector. Membership at the professional level requires anundergraduate degree in a related discipline and 5 years of experience or a graduate degree and 3 years ofexperience. The related disciplines are: architecture, planning, archaeology or anthropology, socialsciences (history, geography), museum studies, and archival studies. Membership at the professional levelalso requires 7 years of employment in the heritage field. CAPHC members are required to abide by a code ofprofessional conduct. Although national in scope, CAPHC’s members are drawn disproportionately fromOntario. CAPHC maintains a public registry of heritage consultants.In addition, many practitioners from across the sector belong to the Association for PreservationTechnology International, which was created in Canada in 1968. APT is a membership association thatprovides a multidisciplinary forum for education and dissemination of information about conservation toall parts of the built heritage sector. Many practitioners belong to both APT and CAPHC.Heritage Architects/Heritage Landscape ArchitectsIn Canada, architecture is a licensed profession. That is to say, only individuals who hold a license maydescribe themselves as architects and only licensed individuals may practice architecture as it is describedin the licensing statute. Licensing is administered at the provincial level. In principal, an architect may meetthe educational requirements through an extended apprenticeship that covers the syllabus of the RoyalArchitectural Institute of Canada (RAIC). Virtually all architects meet their educational requirements byobtaining a professional degree in architecture from a university accredited by the Canadian ArchitecturalCertification Board (CACB). Under agreement with the provincial regulating bodies, foreign trainedapplicants have their educational qualifications reviewed by the CACB. After completing a recognized42©CULTURAL HUMAN RESOURCES COUNCIL
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