Human Resources in Canada's Built Heritage Sector: Mapping the ...

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MAPPING THE WORK FORCE AND SETTING STRATEGIC PRIORITIES10. Measuring Employment and EconomicActivity in the Built Heritage SectorTo make any significant progress in strengthening human resource planning in the built heritage sector,it is essential that better estimates be developed of the number of persons who work in the sector, theiroccupational distribution and their demographic characteristics. Equally, it is important to have betterestimates than we now have on the amount of preservation, repair and construction spending in the sector,as well as estimates of the distribution of that work across the trades. It would also be helpful to betterestimates of the pool of heritage (or older) structures so that the impact of demolition could be betterunderstood. The absence of descriptive employment and economic data was a one of the themes of theHeritage Canada Foundation’s report, Human Resource Issues in the Preservation of Heritage Buildings.There are several technical difficulties in measuring the built heritage sector:1. There is no consensus on how to define the sector, viz., on what constitutes a heritage structure.2. The North American Industrial Classification Systems (NAICS), which is used to analyze data atthe industry level, does not lend itself to analysis of the built heritage sector. 193. The National Occupation Classification (NOC) system identifies occupations at a level of aggregationthat subsumes occupations that are specific to the built heritage sector into broader occupationalcategories. 20 For the most part, there are too few incumbents in specialized occupations in the builtheritage sector to warrant distinct NOC classifications. Were such classifications to be devised, datasuppression rules would effectively prevent the release of statistical information.4. There is no central registry of designated heritage structures. Nor do the registries that exist trackcapital and repair expenditures. (Statistics Canada does, however, publish data on capital and repairexpenditures for heritage institutions and nature parks.)5. Building permit data do not identify planned construction spending in relation to the age of astructure. In any event, building permit data are notoriously unreliable for renovation spending inthe residential sector. In 2003, Statistics Canada’s Homeowner and Renovation Repair Survey hasbeen folded into the Survey of Household Spending. The age of structures is not identified ineither survey, nor do the data provide any detail on the nature of the renovation or repair.Although the technical difficulties are significant, they do not require us to throw up our hands. While wecannot develop precise measures of employment and economic activity, we can develop better data thanthe “back-of-the-envelope” estimates on which we are now obliged to rely.1. Public and Non-Profit Sector EmploymentA “census” could be undertaken of persons working in the built heritage sector for federal, provincial andterritorial governments, as well as major municipalities and heritage organizations. This “census” couldidentify occupation, education, accreditations, gender and age category, along with other variables judgedimportant to human resource planning.19 The NAICS system distinguishes between “prime contracting” and “trade contracting.” Prime contracting is furtherseparated into residential, non-residential and engineering construction. Trade contracting is subdivided by trade. The ageof a structure is not material to the NAICS system20 The occupational profiles in Appendix A indicate the relevant NOC classifications for the occupation©CULTURAL HUMAN RESOURCES COUNCIL53
HUMAN RESOURCES IN CANADA’S BUILT HERITAGE SECTOR2. Private Sector Professional EmploymentThe number of professionals in the private sector who work full-time or substantially full-time in the builtheritage sector could be estimated through a process of consultation with practitioners and professionalassociations. Among the organizations that could assist are:• the Canadian Association of Professional Heritage Consultants (CAPHC)• the Canadian Association of Professional Conservators (CAPC)• the Association for Preservation Technology International (APT) – Canadian members• the International Institute for Conservation - Canadian Group (IIC-CG)It should be possible to compile a working list of architectural firms, based on the knowledge of firms witha recognized presence in the sector.3. General Contractors and Trade Contractors:Using the working list of architectural firms that have a recognized presence in the built heritage sector, itmay be feasible to compile working lists of general contractors and trade contractors who commonlyundertake work in the sector. These general contractors and trade contractors could be canvassed forinformation on employment, skill shortages, etc.4. Better Estimates of Capital and Repair SpendingReed Construction Data, through its Canadian subsidiary CanaData, maintains a proprietary database ofconstruction projects. 21 The database provides information on projects in the Industrial Commercial andInstitutional (ICI) sector and the high-rise residential sector. Reported information includes project value,square footage (if applicable), time frames for key stages in the project, owner-developer, general contractor,and consulting engineers and architects. Information on trade contractors is reported though it is highlyuneven. The database is fairly comprehensive for construction work that requires a building permit. Repaircontracts are not covered. In many jurisdictions, electrical work is regulated by a different permit system.Coverage of electrical work may not be as comprehensive as other types of trade contracting.Many architectural and engineering firms and trade contractors are regular users of this database. The databaseobtains its information from building permits and from a network of consulting architects and engineers.The CanaData database does not currently allow for easy identification of built heritage structures. However,it may be practical for CanaData to establish such an identifier if there were major users who required thisdata and whose subscription revenues would justify CanaData in collecting this additional information.If practical, this would be the most cost-efficient way of collecting systematic data on the volume ofconstruction activity in the built heritage sector.21 http://www.reedconstructiondata.ca/community/815/54©CULTURAL HUMAN RESOURCES COUNCIL
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