Human Resources in Canada's Built Heritage Sector: Mapping the ...

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MAPPING THE WORK FORCE AND SETTING STRATEGIC PRIORITIESdegree programme in architecture, an individual must fulfill a supervised internship for a period prescribedby the provincial regulating body. This is generally in the range of 5,600 hours. Every provincial associationrequires interns to pass the US Architectural Registration Examination administered by the US NationalCouncil of Architectural Registration Boards. In some provinces, there are also additional requirements,such as an admission course or an oral examination. None of these qualifying requirements explicitly addressesthe unique issues associated with heritage structures. Nor do any of the professional architectural associationsconfer a specialist designation for heritage architects.Landscape architects are accredited rather than licensed. Accreditation is administered by the CanadianSociety of Landscape Architects. University programs in landscape architecture are accredited by theLandscape Architecture Accreditation Council. In most provinces Landscape Architect is a “registered title”and the provincial association is recognized by a specific statute. Use of the title “Landscape Architect” isrestricted to persons accredited by the provincial body. Following completion of a recognized undergraduateprogramme, individuals must meet provincial requirements for experience and professional development andpass a specified examination. While heritage landscape architecture is a recognized area of specialization in someassociations, no specific specialist designations are conferred. Moreover, it should also be noted, that unlike thepractice of architecture, membership in the professional association is not a requirement to work in the field.However, a non-member is not legally permitted to represent himself or herself as a “Landscape Architect.”The Alliance for Historic Landscape Preservation is a membership-based association of landscape architectsspecializing in conservation work. The Alliance has members in both the US and Canada.Professional ConservatorsCAPC estimates that there are approximately 400 professional conservators in Canada. The conservatorprofession combines two types of persons. Some individuals were trained at the university level, often atthe graduate level. Other individuals learned their skills through a formal or informal apprenticeship. Thelatter is more common in Europe. Conservators tend to specialize in types of conservation and restorationwork, e.g., paintings, wooden objects, metals, stone, textiles and fabrics, paper, etc. Whether in privatepractice or employed, conservators must have access to a laboratory or studio.Professional accreditation is voluntary. The Canadian Association of Professional Art Conservators wasestablished in 1971. The organization subsequently changed its name to the Canadian Association ofProfessional Conservators (CAPC). CAPC administers a voluntary professional accreditation.Accreditation is based on an assessment of training, experience and laboratory or studio facilities.Professional members of CAPC are accredited in particular types of conservation or in particular types ofconservation activity. A 1996 article estimated that CAPC represents approximately 25% of practicingprofessional conservators in Canada. 17Parallel to CAPC is the International Institute for Conservation – Canadian Group (IIC-CG). UnlikeCAPC, ICC-CG is open to any individual or organization interested in conservation.17 CAPC, “Accreditation in Conservation: The Canadian Experience,” published in ICOM Committee for Conservation 11thTriennial Meeting, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1-6 September 1996, Preprints, Volume 1, James & James, London, page 153-157. Available at: http://www.capc-acrp.ca/FramesPage.htm©CULTURAL HUMAN RESOURCES COUNCIL43
HUMAN RESOURCES IN CANADA’S BUILT HERITAGE SECTOROther Heritage ProfessionalsOther professionals preponderantly involved in the built heritage sector include architectural historians,building historians, historical geographers, and historians among others. Individuals in these professionsusually have post-graduate training. Many belong to professional associations in their ‘home discipline.’Professionals in the private sector may belong to the CAPHC.Professionals without Specialized Heritage SkillsThe mapping of occupations that are involved in the built heritage sector identifies a number of professionswhose work impinges on the sector [See Appendex D]. These include urban planners, engineers, costconsultants/quantity surveyors, and interior designers, among others. The Heritage Canada FoundationReport, Human Resource Issues in the Preservation of Heritage Buildings drew particular attention to therole of urban planners. This theme was echoed in some of the workshops and interviews. The importanceof engineers who understand the distinct features of the built heritage sector was also stressed in a someof the workshops and interviews.Human Resource IssuesProfessional Recognition:Professional recognition was raised as a concern among professionals working in the public and non-profitsector and also in the private sector. Professionals working in heritage policy and heritage programme administrationand administering heritage sites identify professional recognition with professional development and withforums for interacting with other professionals in their field. In the private sector, professional recognition isidentified with a greater recognition on the part of other professionals of the distinct skills which builtheritage professionals bring to projects in the built heritage sector.Organizational Gap:As described earlier most professionals in the built sector have a “home discipline.” They usually maintainmembership in the professional association related to that discipline. It is also common for professionals tobelong to multi-disciplinary bodies, such as the Association for Preservation Technology or the CanadianAssociation of Professional Heritage Consultants. A significant gap in the sector’s organizational fabric is“home” for professionals who are employed in the public sector and by heritage institutions in the non-profitsector. As noted, we estimate these professionals to number approximately 2,500 to 3,000 persons. Amongtheir common interests are the need for professional training, the need to keep abreast of developments thepolicy and programme field, and the need to have an organized interaction with professionals in other fields.More interaction with urban planners is particularly important, in light of the role played by urban plannersin framing and administering policy at the local level.44©CULTURAL HUMAN RESOURCES COUNCIL
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