669. Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM. Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating theassociatation of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition2010;91(3):535-46.670. Danaei G et al. The preventable causes of death in the United States: Comparative risk assessment ofdietary lifestyle and metabolic risk factors. PLoS Medicine 2009;6(4):e1000058.671. Food Standards Australia New Zealand. Review Report: Trans fatty acids in the New Zealand and Australianfood supply. In: Food Standards Australia New Zealand, editor. Canberra2009.672. Melanson EL, Astrup A, Donahoo WT. The relationship between dietary fat and fatty acid intake and bodyweight, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. Ann Nutr Metab 2009;55(1-3):229–43.673. Balk EM, Lichtenstein AH, Chung M, Kupelnick B, Chew P, Lau J. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids oncoronary restenosis, intima-media thickness, and exercise tolerance: A systematic review. Atherosclerosis2006;184(2):237–46.674. Balk EM, Lichtenstein AH, Chung M, Kupelnick B, Chew P, Lau J. Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serummarkers of cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review. Atherosclerosis 2006;189(1):19–30.675. Castro IA, Barroso LP, Sinnecker P. Functional foods for coronary heart disease risk reduction: a metaanalysisusing a multivariate approach. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82(1):32–40.676. Eslick GD, Howe PR, Smith C, Priest R, Bensoussan A. Benefits of fish oil supplementation inhyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2009;136(1):4–16.677. Hooper L, Harrison RA, Summerbell DC, Moore H, Worthington HV, Ness A et al. Omega 3 fatty acids forprevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004(4):CD003177.678. Lee KW, Lip GYH. Effects of lifestyle on hemostasis, fibrinolysis, and platelet reactivity: a systematicreview. Arch Intern Med 2003;163(19):2368–92.679. Studer M, Briel M, Leimenstoll B, Glass TR, Bucher HC. Effect of different antilipidemic agents and dietson mortality: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med 2005;165(7):725.680. Wang C, Harris WS, Chung M, Lichtenstein AH, Balk EM, Kupelnick B et al. n-3 fatty acids from fish orfish-oil supplements, but not alpha-linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes in primaryandsecondary-prevention studies: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84(1):5–17.681. Wendland E, Farmer A, Glasziou P, Neil A. Effect of alpha linolenic acid on cardiovascular risk markers:a systematic review. Heart 2006;92(2):166–69.682. Nations FaAOotU. Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition. Report of an expert consultation. Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2010. Available from: http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/nutrition/Call_for_experts.pdf683. Ulbak J, Lauritzen L, Hansen HS, Michaelsen KF. Diet and blood pressure in 2.5-y-old Danish children.Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79(6):1095–102.684. Schack-Nielsen L, Mølgaard C, Larsen D, Martyn C, Michaelsen KF. Arterial stiffness in 10-year-oldchildren: current and early determinants. Br J Nutr 2005;94(6):1004–11.685. Sanders TAB, Gleason K, Griffin B, Miller GJ. Influence of an algal triacylglycerol containingdocosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and docosahentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) on cardiovascular risk factors inhealthy men and women. Br J Nutr 2006;95(3):525–31.686. Raitakari OT, RÃnnemaa T, Järvisalo MJ, Kaitosaari T, Volanen I, Kallio K et al. Endothelial function inhealthy 11-year-old children after dietary intervention with onset in infancy: the Special Turku CoronaryRisk Factor Intervention Project for children (STRIP). Circulation 2005;112(24):3786–94.687. Psaltopoulou T, Naska A, Orfanos P, Trichopoulos D, Mountokalakis T, Trichopoulou A. Olive oil, theMediterranean diet, and arterial blood pressure: the Greek European Prospective Investigation intoCancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study [corrected] [published erratum appears in AM J CLIN NUTR 2005May;81(5):1181]. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(4):1012–18.ReferencesNational <strong>Health</strong> and Medical Research Council187
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EAT FOR HEALTHAustralianDietaryGuid
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© Commonwealth of Australia 2013Pa
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Australian Dietary GuidelinesGuidel
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GUIDELINE 2• Enjoy a wide variety
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guideline 5• Food safety 975.1 Se
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Table A2: Mean daily intakes of ene
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More recent evidence from Western s
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In this way, the Evidence Report wa
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Australian Guide to Healthy EatingA
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Guideline 11.1 Setting the sceneA h
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Guideline 1UnderweightWhile the gre
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Guideline 1Figure 1.2: Mean energy
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Evidence statementBabies born to mo
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• Childhood weight gain: There is
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Appropriate steady weight gain duri
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Dietary restriction beyond prudent
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CancerNo recent studies investigati
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The 1995 National Nutrition Survey
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GUIDELINE 3Limit intake of foods co
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3.1.3 How limiting intake of foods
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InfantsFor infants under the age of
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Bone healthEvidence suggesting an a
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3.4.2 The evidence for ‘limit int
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3.4.3 How limiting intake of alcoho
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4.1 Setting the sceneThe World Heal
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4.2.1 Breastfeeding incidence and d
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4.2.3 Cardiovascular disease and ex
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Lower socioeconomic status mothersW
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5.4.2 InfantsThe immune system of i
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A1Social distribution of diet-relat
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Expert reviewThe Guidelines underwe
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1995 - The Core Food GroupsThe Core
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Appendix DQuestions for the literat
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Umbrella review questions1. What di
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Appendix ESummary of evidence state
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Evidence statementGradeFruitThe eff
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Limited - no conclusionEvidence is
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Appendix GFood, nutrition and envir
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Figure G1: Examples of environmenta
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G4Australia’s progress toward a s
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- Page 166 and 167: References1. Rayner M, Scarborough
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- Page 178 and 179: 231. Hyson DA, Schneeman BO, Davis
- Page 180 and 181: 271. Marks GC, Coyne C, Pang G. Typ
- Page 182 and 183: 312. Cunningham J, O’Dea K, Dunba
- Page 184 and 185: 355. Burns C, Inglis A. Measuring f
- Page 186 and 187: 392. Harland JI, Haffner TA. System
- Page 188 and 189: 433. Northern Territory Government.
- Page 190 and 191: 473. Aune D, Chan DSM, Lau R, Vieir
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- Page 194 and 195: 550. Vislocky LM, Pikosky MA, Rubin
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- Page 198 and 199: 628. Rosner SA, Åkesson A, Stampfe
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- Page 204 and 205: 743. Cook NR, Cutler JA, Obarzanek
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