NOTES 30929 Srole, L., Langner, R.S., Michael, S.T. et al, Mental Health in the Metropolis: TheMidtown Manhattan Study, (2 vols), New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.30 Leighton, D.C., Harding, J.S., Macklin, D.B. et al., The Character of Danger:Psychiatric Symptoms in Selected Communities, New York: Basic Books, 1963, pp. 279–94.31 Ödegard, 6., “The incidence of psychoses in various occupations,” InternationalJournal of Social <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 2:85–104, 1956.32 Stein, L., “‘Social class’ gradient in schizophrenia,” British Journal of Preventive andSocial Medicine, 11:181–95, 1957.33 Eaton, W.W., “Epidemiology of schizophrenia,” Epidemiologic Reviews, 7:105– 26,1985.34 Goldberg, E.M. and Morrison, S.L., “<strong>Schizophrenia</strong> and social class,” British Journalof <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 109:785–802, 1963.35 Turner, R.J. and Wagenfeld, M.O., “Occupational mobility and schizophrenia: Anassessment of the social causation and social selection hypotheses,” AmericanSociological Review, 32:104–13, 1967.36 Turner and Wagenfeld, “Occupational mobility and schizophrenia.”37 Kohn, “Social class and schizophrenia: A critical review and a reformulation,”<strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Bulletin, 7:60–79, 1973, p. 62.38 Bloom, B.L. “An ecological analysis of psychiatric hospitalizations,” MultivariateBehavioral Research, 3:423–64, 1968.39 Goodman, A.B., Siegel, C., Craig, T.J. and Shang, P.L., “The relationship betweensocioeconomic class and prevalence of schizophrenia, alcoholism, and affectivedisorders treated by inpatient care in a suburban area,” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>,140:166–70, 1983.40 Leighton, D.C., Hagnell, O., Leighton, A.H. et al., “Psychiatric disorder in aSwedish and a Canadian community: An exploratory study,” Social Science andMedicine, 5:189–209, 1971.41 Brown, G.W., Davidson, S., Harris, T. et al., “Psychiatric disorder in London andNorth Uist,” Social Science and Medicine, 11:367–77, 1977; Rutter, M., Yule, B.,Quinton, D. et al., “Attainment and adjustment in two geographical areas: III.Some factors accounting for area differences,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 126: 520–9, 1975.42 Nielsen, J. and Nielsen, J.A., “A census study of mental illness in Samsö,”Psychological Medicine, 7:491–503, 1977.43 Ray, I., “Statistics of insanity in Massachusetts,” North American Review, 82: 79–81,1856.44 White, W.A., “The geographical distribution of insanity in the United States,”Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 30:257–79, 1903, p. 276.45 Pollock, H.M. and Noland, W.J., “Mental disease in cities, villages and ruraldistricts of New York State, 1915–1920,” State Hospital Quarterly, 7:38–65, 1921;Malzberg, B., “The prevalence of mental diseases in the urban and rural populationsof New York State,” Psychiatric Quarterly, 9:35–87, 1935.46 Frumkin, R.M., “Comparative rates of mental illnesses for urban and ruralpopulations in Ohio,” Rural Sociology, 19:70–2, 1954; Jaco, E.G., The SocialEpidemiology of Mental Disorders: A Psychiatric Study of Texas, New York: RussellSage Foundation, 1960; Eaton, W.W., “Residence, social class and schizophrenia,”Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 15:289–99, 1974.
310 NOTES47 Torrey, E.F. and Bowler, A., “Geographical distribution of insanity in America:Evidence for an urban factor,” <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Bulletin, 16:591–604, 1990.48 Lewis, G., David, A., <strong>And</strong>reasson, S. et al., “<strong>Schizophrenia</strong> and city life,” Lancet,340:137–40, 1992; Takei, N., Sham, P.C., O’Callaghan, E. et al., “<strong>Schizophrenia</strong>:increased risk associated with winter and city birth—a case control study in 12regions within England and Wales,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health,49:106–7, 1995.49 Mortensen, P.B., Pedersen, C.B., Westergaard, T. et al., “Effects of family historyand place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia,” New England Journal ofMedicine, 340:603–8, 1999.50 Mandel, E., Long Waves of Capitalist Development: The Marxist Interpretation,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980; Saul, S.B., The Myth of the GreatDepression, 1873–1896, London: Macmillan, 1969; Church, R.A., The GreatVictorian Boom, 1850–1873, London: Macmillan, 1975.51 Willcox, W.G., “A study in vital statistics,” <strong>Political</strong> Science Quarterly, 8 (1), 1893.52 Hooker, R.H., “On the correlation of the marriage rate with foreign trade,” Journalof the Royal Statistical Society, 64:485, 1901.53 Ogburn, W.F. and Thomas, D.S., “The influence of the business cycle on certainsocial conditions,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 18:324–40, 1922.54 Thomas, D.S., Social Aspects of the Business Cycle, New York: Gordon & Breach,1968. First published by Kuopf in 1927.55 Catalano, R. and Dooley, C.D., “Economic predictors of depressed mood andstressful life events in a metropolitan community,” Journal of Health and SocialBehavior, 18:292–307, 1977; Dooley, D. and Catalano, R., “Economic, life, anddisorder changes: Time-series analyses,” American Journal of Community Psychology, 7:381–96, 1979.56 Dooley and Catalano, op. cit., p. 393.57 Dooley, D., Catalano, R., Jackson, R. and Brownell, A., “Economic, life, andsymptom changes in a nonmetropolitan community,” Journal of Health and SocialBehavior, 22:144–54, 1981.58 Ibid.59 Gore, S., “The effect of social support in moderating the health consequences ofunemployment,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 19:157–65, 1978.60 Brenner, M.H., Estimating the Social Costs of National Economic Policy: Implications forMental and Physical Health, and Criminal Aggression, prepared for the Joint EconomicCommittee of the Congress of the United States, Washington, DC: USGovernment Printing Office, 1976.61 Ibid., p. 41.62 Ibid., p. 39.63 Kasl, S.V., “Mortality and the business cycle: Some questions about researchstrategies when utilizing macro-social and ecological data,” American Journal of PublicHealth, 69:784–8, 1979, p. 786.64 Mandel, E., Marxist Economic Theory, vol. 1, translated by B.Pearcel, New York:Monthly Review Press, 1968, ch. 11.65 Samuelson, P.A., Economics, 11th edn, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980, ch. 14.66 Eyer and Sterling, “Stress-related mortality;” Eyer, J., “Prosperity as a cause of death,”International Journal of Health Services, 7:125–50, 1977; Eyer, J., “Does
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Recovery from SchizophreniaRecovery
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First edition published 1985by Rout
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ContentsAcknowledgments viIntroduct
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devotion to excellence in creating
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ixA NOTE ON THEORYThe materialist t
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Part IBackground
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 3WHAT IS SCH
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 13publicatio
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Table 3.3 Recovery rates in the USA
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25 patients, and on the more distur
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Part IIITreatment
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ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
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TREATMENT 247indicated, unemploymen
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TREATMENT 249success, for the lodge
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TREATMENT 251vocational programming
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TREATMENT 253the job is permanent.
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TREATMENT 255Social enterprises in
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TREATMENT 257pharmacy technicians a
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30, 1978; Moffit, R., “The econom
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NOTES 36312 Stein, L.I. and Test, M
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NOTES 36547 Personal communication,
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NOTES 367European Psychiatry, 15:26
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BibliographySTUDIES OF THE OUTCOME
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 371Horowitz, W.A. and
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 373Salokangas, R.K.R.,
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AUTHOR INDEX 375Dunham, Warren 31Du
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AUTHOR INDEX 377Urquhart, M.C. 129n
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SUBJECT INDEX 379atypical 20;compan
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SUBJECT INDEX 381CESP see Carer Edu
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SUBJECT INDEX 383disability pension
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SUBJECT INDEX 385diagnosis of 148;d
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SUBJECT INDEX 387Isle of Wight 33is
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SUBJECT INDEX 389Middlesex, Hanwell
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SUBJECT INDEX 391PACE see Personal
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SUBJECT INDEX 393economic condition
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SUBJECT INDEX 395self-employment 15
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SUBJECT INDEX 397symbolic thinking
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SUBJECT INDEX 399volition disturban