NOTES 3178 Epstein, L.J., Morgan, R.D. and Reynolds, L., “An approach to the effect ofataraxic drugs on hospital release rates,” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 119: 36–45,1962.9 Linn, E.L., “Drug therapy, milieu change, and release from a mental hospital,”Archives of Neurology and <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 81:785–94, 1959.10 Brill, H. and Patton, R.E., “Analysis of population reduction in New York Statemental hospitals during the first four years of large-scale therapy with psychotropicdrugs,” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 116:495–509, 1959, p. 495.11 Scull, Decarceration, p. 83.12 Davis, “Organic therapies,” p. 2257.13 Freudenberg, R.K., Bennet, D.H. and May, A.R., “The relative importance ofphysical and community methods in the treatment of schizophrenia,” in InternationalCongress of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, Zurich, 1957, Fussli, 1959, pp. 157–78. The quotation is on p.159.14 All of the information in this paragraph is from Clark, D.H., Social Therapy in<strong>Psychiatry</strong>, Baltimore: Penguin, 1974, pp. 22–5; and Langsley, D.G., “Communitypsychiatry,” in Kaplan, Freedman and Sadock Comprehensive Textbook of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>,pp. 2836–53. The reference is to pp. 2839–40.15 Jones, M., Social <strong>Psychiatry</strong> in Practice, Baltimore: Penguin, 1968, p. 17; Clark, SocialTherapy in <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, p. 29.16 Clark, Social Therapy in <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, pp. 25–6.17 Ödegard, “Pattern of discharge,” p. 776.18 Rathod, N.H., “Tranquillizers and patients’ environment,” Lancet, i: 611–13. 1958.19 The statistics in this paragraph are from Scull, Decarceration, p. 149.20 Bassuk, E.L. and Gerson, S., “Deinstitutionalization and mental health services,”Scientific American, 238(2): 46–53, February 1978, p. 50.21 These examples are from Langsley, “Community psychiatry,” p. 2847; and Lamb,H.R. and Goertzel, V., “The demise of the state hospital: A premature obituary?”Archives of General <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 26:489–95, 1972.22 Lehman, A.F., Ward, N.C. and Linn, L.S., “Chronic mental patients: The qualityof life issue,” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 139:1271–6, 1982.23 Lamb, H.R., “The new asylums in the community,” Archives of General <strong>Psychiatry</strong>,36:129–34, 1979.24 Van Putten, T. and Spar, J.E., “The board and care home: Does it deserve a badpress?” Hospital and Community <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 30:461–4, 1979, pp. 461–2.25 Bassuk and Gerson, “Deinstitutionalization,” p. 49.26 Morgan, C.H., “Service delivery models.” Prepared for the Special NationalWorkshop on Mental Health Services in Local Jails, Baltimore, Maryland,September 27–9, 1978; Gibbs, J.J., “Psychological and behavioral pathology in jails:A review of the literature,” presented at the Special National Workshop on MentalHealth Services in Local Jails, 1978; Olds, E., A Study of the Homeless, Sick andAlcoholic Persons in the Baltimore City Jail, Baltimore: Baltimore Council of SocialAgencies, 1956; Arthur Bolton Associates, Report to the California State Legislature,October 1976; Swank, G.E. and Winer, D., “Occurrence of psychiatric disorder ina county jail population,” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 133:1331–6, 1976;unidentified author, “Mental ill inmates untreated, says GAO,” Psychiatric News,February 6, 1981, p. 1; Torrey, E.F., Stieber, J., Ezekiel, J. et al., Criminalizing the
318 NOTESSeriously Mentally III: The Abuse of Jails as Mental Hospitals, Washington, DC: PublicCitizens Health Research Group, 1992, p. iv.27 Roth, L.H. and Ervin, F.R., “Psychiatric care of federal prisoners,” American Journalof <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 128:424–30, 1971.28 Rollin, H., “<strong>From</strong> patients into vagrants,” New Society, January 15, 1970, pp. 90– 3.29 Tidmarsh, D. and Wood, S., “Psychiatric aspects of destitution: A study of theCamberwell Reception Centre,” in J.K.Wing and A.M.Haily (eds), Evaluating aCommunity Psychiatric Service: The Camberwell Register 1964–1971, London: OxfordUniversity Press, 1972, pp. 327–40.30 Rollin, “<strong>From</strong> patients into vagrants,” p. 92; National <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Fellowship,Home Sweet Nothing: The Plight of Sufferers from Chronic <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, Surbiton: 1971;Coid, J., “How many psychiatric patients in prison?” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 145:78–86, 1984; Gunn, J., Maden, A. and Swinton, M., “Treatment needs of prisonerswith psychiatric disorders,” British Medical Journal, 303:338– 41, 1991.31 Morris, B., “Recent developments in the care, treatment, and rehabilitation of thechronic mentally ill in Britain,” Hospital and Community <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 34:159–63, 1983.32 Korer, J., Not the Same as You: The Social Situation of 190 Schizophrenics Living in theCommunity, Dalston, London: Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association,1978; Ebringer, L. and Christie-Brown, J.R.W., “Social deprivation amongst shortstay psychiatric patients,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 136:46–52, 1980.33 Hencke, D., “Squalor in mental homes kept secret,” Guardian, July 20, 1983, p. 1;Hencke, D., “Hospital report reveals faults,” Guardian, July 22, 1983, p. 3.34 Leff, J., “Why is care in the community perceived as a failure?” British Journal of<strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 179:381–3, 2001.35 Rose, N., “Historical changes in mental health practice,” in G.Thornicroft and G.Szmukler (eds) Textbook of Community <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, Oxford: Oxford University Press,2001, pp. 13–27.36 Adams, C.E., Pantelis, C., Duke, P.J. and Barnes, T.R.E., “Psychopathology, socialand cognitive functioning in a hostel of homeless women,” British Journal of<strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 168:82–6, 1996.37 Marshall, E.J. and Reed, J.L., “Psychiatric morbidity in homeless women,” BritishJournal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 160:761–8, 1992.38 Timms, P.W. and Fry, A.H., “Homelessness and mental illness,” Health Trends, 21:70–1, 1989.39 Marshall, M., “Collected and neglected: Are Oxford hostels filling up with disabledpatients?” British Medical Journal, 229:706–9, 1989.40 Craig, T. and Timms, P.W., “Out of the wards and onto the streets?Deinstitutionalization and homelessness in Britain,” Journal of Mental Health, 1:265–75, 1992; Hamid, W.A., Wykes, T. and Stansfeld, S., “The social disablement ofmen in hostels for homeless people. II. A comparison with patients from long-staywards,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 166:809–12, 1995.41 Leff, J., “The downside of reprovision,” in J.Leff (ed.), Care in the Community:Illusion or Reality? Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1997, pp. 167–74. The referenceis to p. 171.42 Medical Campaign Project, A Paper Outlining Good Practice on Discharge of SingleHomeless People with Particular Reference to Mental Health Units, London: PolicyStudies Institute, 1990.
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Recovery from SchizophreniaRecovery
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First edition published 1985by Rout
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ContentsAcknowledgments viIntroduct
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devotion to excellence in creating
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ixA NOTE ON THEORYThe materialist t
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Part IBackground
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 3WHAT IS SCH
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Chapter 2Health, illness and the ec
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Table 3.3 Recovery rates in the USA
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25 patients, and on the more distur
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Part IIITreatment
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ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
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TREATMENT 247indicated, unemploymen
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TREATMENT 249success, for the lodge
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TREATMENT 251vocational programming
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TREATMENT 253the job is permanent.
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TREATMENT 255Social enterprises in
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TREATMENT 257pharmacy technicians a
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TREATMENT 261Though these results a
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TREATMENT 263• raise the minimum
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TREATMENT 265• Social policy inno
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NOTES 367European Psychiatry, 15:26
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BibliographySTUDIES OF THE OUTCOME
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 371Horowitz, W.A. and
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 373Salokangas, R.K.R.,
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AUTHOR INDEX 375Dunham, Warren 31Du
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AUTHOR INDEX 377Urquhart, M.C. 129n
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SUBJECT INDEX 379atypical 20;compan
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SUBJECT INDEX 381CESP see Carer Edu
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SUBJECT INDEX 383disability pension
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SUBJECT INDEX 385diagnosis of 148;d
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SUBJECT INDEX 387Isle of Wight 33is
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SUBJECT INDEX 389Middlesex, Hanwell
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SUBJECT INDEX 391PACE see Personal
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SUBJECT INDEX 393economic condition
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SUBJECT INDEX 395self-employment 15
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SUBJECT INDEX 397symbolic thinking
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SUBJECT INDEX 399volition disturban