NOTES 36547 Personal communication, Julian Leff.48 Pyke-Lees, P., “The National <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Fellowship,” in Wing and Morris,Handbook of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, pp. 126–9.49 Geller, J.L., Brown, J.-M., Fisher, W.H. et al., “A national survey of ‘consumerempowerment’ at the state level,” Psychiatric Services, 49:498–503, 1998.50 Jones, L., “A Matter of Community II” Denver, Colorado: Capitol Hill Action andRecreation Group.51 Sherman, P.S. and Porter, R., “Mental health consumers as case managementaides,” Hospital and Community <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 42:494–8, 1991.52 Warner, R. and Polak, P., “An economic development approach to the mentally illin the community,” Washington, DC: NIMH Community Support Programdocument, 1993.53 Lecomte, T., Wilde, J.B. and Wallace, C.J. “Mental health consumers as peerinterviewers,” Psychiatric Services, 50:693–5, 1999.54 Ekdawi, M.K., “The role of day units in rehabilitation,” in Wing and Morris,Handbook of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, pp. 95–8. The quotation is from p. 98.55 Beard, J.H., Propst, R. and Malamud, T.J., “The Fountain House model ofpsychiatric rehabilitation,” Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 5:47–53, 1982.56 Warner, R., Huxley, P. and Berg, T., “An evaluation of the impact ofclubhouse membership on quality of life and treatment utilization,” InternationalJournal of Social <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 45:310–20, 1999.57 Hasher, R., “Spiritmenders: A client-operated community center,” presented atAmerican Psychiatric Association annual meeting, San Francisco, May 6–11, 1989.58 McGorry, P.D. and Jackson, H.J., The Recognition and Management of Early Psychosis,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999; McGlashan, T.H., Miller, T.J. andWoods, S.W., “Pre-onset detection and intervention researching schizophreniapsychoses: Current estimates of benefit and risk,” <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Bulletin, 27:563–70,2001.59 Crow, T.J., MacMillan, J.F., Johnson, A.L., and Johnstone, E.C., “A randomizedcontrolled trial of prophylactic neuroleptic treatment,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>,148:120–7, 1986.60 Jones, P.B., Bebbington, P., Foerster, A. et al., “Premorbid socialunderachievement in schizophrenia: Results of the Camberwell CollaborativePsychosis Study,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 162:65–71, 1993.61 Wyatt, R.J., Green, M.F. and Tuma, A.H., “Long-term morbidity associated withdelayed treatment of first admission schizophrenic patients,” Psychological Medicine,27:261–8, 1997.62 Moscarelli, M., Capri, S. and Neri, L., “Cost evaluation of chronic schizophrenicpatients during the first three years after the first contact,” <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Bulletin, 17:421–6, 1991.63 Haas, G.L., Garrett, L.S. and Sweeney, J.A., “Delay to first antipsychotic medicationin schizophrenia: Impact on symptomatology and clinical course of illness,” Journal ofPsychiatric Research, 32:151–9, 1998; Helgason, L., “Twenty years’ follow-up of firstpsychiatric presentation for schizophrenia: What could have been prevented?” ActaPsychiatrica Scandinavica, 81:231–5, 1990.64 Loebel, A.D., Lieberman, J.A., Alvir, J.M.J. et al., “Duration of psychosis andoutcome in first-episode schizophrenia,” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 149: 1183–8,1992; McGorry, P.D., Edwards, J., Mihalopoulos, C. et al., “EPPIC: An evolving
366 NOTESsystem of early detection and optimal management,” <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Bulletin, 22:305–26, 1996.65 Wyatt et al., “Long-term morbidity associated with delayed treatment.”66 Ciompi, L., “Catamnestic long-term study on the course of life and aging ofschizophrenics,” <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Bulletin, 6:606–18, 1980; World HealthOrganization, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>: An International Follow-up Study, Chichester, England:Wiley, 1979; Shepherd, M., Watt, D., Falloon, I. and Smeeton, M., “The naturalhistory of schizophrenia: A five-year follow-up in a representative sample ofschizophrenics,” Psychological Medicine, Monograph supplement 15, 1989.67 Johnstone, E.C., Crow, T.J., Johnson, A.L. and Macmillan, J.F., “The NorthwickPark study of first episodes of schizophrenia: I. Presentation of the illness andproblems relating to admission,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 148:115–20, 1986;Makanjuola, R.O.A. and Adedapo, S.A., “The DSM-III concepts of schizophrenicdisorder and schizophreniform disorder: A clinical and prognostic evaluation,”British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 151:611–18, 1987; Tsoi, W.F. and Wong, K.E., “A 15-year follow-up study of Chinese schizophrenic patients,” Acta PsychiatricaScandinavica, 84:217–20; Helgason, “Twenty years’ follow-up of first psychiatricpresentation for schizophrenia;” Moscarelli et al., “Cost evaluation of chronicschizophrenic patients;” Loebel et al., “Duration of psychosis and outcome in firstepisodeschizophrenia;” Waddington, J.L., Youssef, H.A. and Kinsella, A.,“Sequential cross-sectional and 10-year prospective study of severe negativesymptoms in relation to duration of initially untreated psychosis in chronicschizophrenia,” Psychological Medicine, 25:849–57, 1995; McGorry et al., “EPPIC:An evolving system of early detection and optimal management;” Scully, P.J.,Coakley, G., Kinsella, A., and Waddington, J.L., “Psychopathology, executive(frontal) and general cognitive impairment in relation to duration of initiallyuntreated versus subsequently treated psychosis in chronic schizophrenia,”Psychological Medicine, 27:1303–10, 1997; Wyatt et al., “Long-term morbidityassociated with delayed treatment;” Haas, G.L. et al., “Delay to first antipsychoticmedication in schizophrenia;” Carbone, S., Harrigan, S., McGorry, P.D., Curry,C., and Elkins, K., “Duration of untreated psychosis and 12-month outcome infirstepisode psychosis: The impact of treatment approach,” Acta PsychiatricaScandinavica, 100:96–104, 1999; Larsen, T.K., Friis, S., Haarh, U. et al, “Earlydetection and intervention in first-episode schizophrenia: A critical review,” ActaPsychiatrica Scandinavica, 103:323–34, 2001; Drake, R.J., Haley, C.J., Akhtar, S. andLewis, S.W., “Causes and consequences of duration of untreated psychosis inschizophrenia,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 177 (suppl.): S11–515, 2000; Browne, S.,Clarke, M., Gervin, M. et al., “Determinants of quality of life at first presentation forschizophrenia,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 176:173–6, 2000.68 Linszen, D., Lenior, M., de Haan, L. and Dingemans, P., “Early intervention,untreated psychosis and the course of early schizophrenia,” British Journal of<strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 172:84–9, 1998; Craig, T.J., Bromet, E.J., Fennig, S. et al., “Is there anassociation between duration of untreated psychosis and 24-month clinical outcomein a first-admission series?” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 157:60–6, 2000; Ho, B.-C,<strong>And</strong>reasen, N.C., Flaum, M. et al, “Untreated initial psychosis: Its relation toquality of life and symptom remission in first-episode schizophrenia,” AmericanJournal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 157:808–15; de Haan, L., van der Gaag, M. and Wolthaus, J.,“Duration of untreated psychosis and the long-term course of schizophrenia,”
- Page 2 and 3:
Recovery from SchizophreniaRecovery
- Page 4 and 5:
First edition published 1985by Rout
- Page 6 and 7:
ContentsAcknowledgments viIntroduct
- Page 8 and 9:
devotion to excellence in creating
- Page 10 and 11:
ixA NOTE ON THEORYThe materialist t
- Page 12 and 13:
Part IBackground
- Page 14 and 15:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 3WHAT IS SCH
- Page 16 and 17:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 5syphilis, n
- Page 18 and 19:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 7Table 1.1-c
- Page 20 and 21:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 9complete sy
- Page 22 and 23:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 11patients w
- Page 24 and 25:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 13publicatio
- Page 26 and 27:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 15Figure 1.1
- Page 28 and 29:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 17intrusiven
- Page 30 and 31:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 19Figure 1.3
- Page 32 and 33:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 21Brain stru
- Page 34 and 35:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 23system. Th
- Page 36 and 37:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 25One thing
- Page 38 and 39:
WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 27of worth,
- Page 40 and 41:
Chapter 2Health, illness and the ec
- Page 42 and 43:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 31a
- Page 44 and 45:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 33i
- Page 46 and 47:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 35B
- Page 48 and 49:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 37s
- Page 50 and 51:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 39d
- Page 52 and 53:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 41F
- Page 54 and 55:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 43o
- Page 56 and 57:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 45T
- Page 58 and 59:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 47b
- Page 60 and 61:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 49F
- Page 62 and 63:
HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE ECONOMY 51A
- Page 64 and 65:
Part IIThe political economy of sch
- Page 66 and 67:
RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 55impro
- Page 68 and 69:
RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 57categ
- Page 70 and 71:
RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 59Table
- Page 72 and 73:
RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 61Table
- Page 74 and 75:
Table 3.1 -continuedRECOVERY FROM S
- Page 76 and 77:
Table 3.1 -continuedRECOVERY FROM S
- Page 78 and 79:
Table 3.1 -continuedRECOVERY FROM S
- Page 80 and 81:
Table 3.1 -continuedRECOVERY FROM S
- Page 82 and 83:
RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 71Table
- Page 84 and 85:
RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 73Figur
- Page 86 and 87:
Table 3.3 Recovery rates in the USA
- Page 88 and 89:
RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 77the l
- Page 90 and 91:
RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 79Table
- Page 92 and 93:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 94 and 95:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 96 and 97:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 98 and 99:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 100 and 101:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 102 and 103:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 104 and 105:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 106 and 107:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 108 and 109:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 110 and 111:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 112 and 113:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 114 and 115:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 116 and 117:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 118 and 119:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 120 and 121:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 122 and 123:
25 patients, and on the more distur
- Page 124 and 125:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 126 and 127:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 128 and 129:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 130 and 131:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 132 and 133:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 134 and 135:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 136 and 137:
MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 138 and 139:
Chapter 6Labor, poverty and schizop
- Page 140 and 141:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 142 and 143:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 144 and 145:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 146 and 147:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 148 and 149:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 150 and 151:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 152 and 153:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 154 and 155:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 156 and 157:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 158 and 159:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 160 and 161:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 162 and 163:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 164 and 165:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 166 and 167:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 168 and 169:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 170 and 171:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 172 and 173:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 174 and 175:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 176 and 177:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 178 and 179:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 180 and 181:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 182 and 183:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 184 and 185:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 186 and 187:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 188 and 189:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 190 and 191:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 192 and 193:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 194 and 195:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 196 and 197:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 198 and 199:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 200 and 201:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 202 and 203:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 204 and 205:
THE PERSON WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN WE
- Page 206 and 207:
Chapter 9The incidence of schizophr
- Page 208 and 209:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 210 and 211:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 212 and 213:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 214 and 215:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 216 and 217:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 218 and 219:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 220 and 221:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 222 and 223:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 224 and 225:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 226 and 227:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 228 and 229:
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
- Page 230 and 231:
Part IIITreatment
- Page 232 and 233:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 234 and 235:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 236 and 237:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 238 and 239:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 240 and 241:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 242 and 243:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 244 and 245:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 246 and 247:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 248 and 249:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 250 and 251:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 252 and 253:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 254 and 255:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 256 and 257:
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
- Page 258 and 259:
TREATMENT 247indicated, unemploymen
- Page 260 and 261:
TREATMENT 249success, for the lodge
- Page 262 and 263:
TREATMENT 251vocational programming
- Page 264 and 265:
TREATMENT 253the job is permanent.
- Page 266 and 267:
TREATMENT 255Social enterprises in
- Page 268 and 269:
TREATMENT 257pharmacy technicians a
- Page 270 and 271:
TREATMENT 259The situation seems to
- Page 272 and 273:
TREATMENT 261Though these results a
- Page 274 and 275:
TREATMENT 263• raise the minimum
- Page 276 and 277:
TREATMENT 265• Social policy inno
- Page 278 and 279:
TREATMENT 267Table 12.1 Living situ
- Page 280 and 281:
TREATMENT 269A JAIL DIVERSION PROGR
- Page 282 and 283:
TREATMENT 271the office work and th
- Page 284 and 285:
TREATMENT 273One might imagine that
- Page 286 and 287:
TREATMENT 275studies may be the res
- Page 288 and 289:
TREATMENT 277established for some o
- Page 290 and 291:
TREATMENT 279Another residential pr
- Page 292 and 293:
TREATMENT 281interest loans and gra
- Page 294 and 295:
TREATMENT 283individual’s goals s
- Page 296 and 297:
TREATMENT 285Cognitive therapy, it
- Page 298 and 299:
TREATMENT 287Table 12.2 Facts about
- Page 300 and 301:
TREATMENT 289consumers and professi
- Page 302 and 303:
TREATMENT 291definitively not part
- Page 304 and 305:
FIGHTING STIGMAAlthough the mentall
- Page 306 and 307:
TREATMENT 295The National Alliance
- Page 308 and 309:
TREATMENT 297other medical disorder
- Page 310 and 311:
TREATMENT 299when a psychiatrist an
- Page 312 and 313:
NotesINTRODUCTION1 Harris, M., Cult
- Page 314 and 315:
NOTES 30333 Heston, L.L., “Psychi
- Page 316 and 317:
NOTES 30557 Sham, P.C., O’Callagh
- Page 318 and 319:
87 Dohrenwend, B. and Egri, G., “
- Page 320 and 321:
NOTES 30929 Srole, L., Langner, R.S
- Page 322 and 323:
NOTES 311unemployment cause the dea
- Page 324 and 325:
NOTES 313107 Warr, P., “Studies o
- Page 326 and 327: 138 Dear, M., Clark, G. and Clark,
- Page 328 and 329: NOTES 3178 Epstein, L.J., Morgan, R
- Page 330 and 331: NOTES 31943 Quirk, A. and Lelliott,
- Page 332 and 333: MADNESS AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTI
- Page 334 and 335: NOTES 32349 Walton, “Pauper lunat
- Page 336 and 337: 105 Bockoven, J.S., Moral Treatment
- Page 338 and 339: NOTES 32729 For positive evaluation
- Page 340 and 341: 66 Barker, D., “Moscow mayor has
- Page 342 and 343: NOTES 33133 World Health Organizati
- Page 344 and 345: NOTES 33380 Eliade, M., Shamanism:
- Page 346 and 347: NOTES 335homelessness a mental heal
- Page 348 and 349: NOTES 337Academic Press, 1978; Faul
- Page 350 and 351: NOTES 339Washington, DC: House of R
- Page 352 and 353: NOTES 34194 Read, J. and Baker, S.,
- Page 354 and 355: 132 Robinson, J.R and Shaver, P.R.,
- Page 356 and 357: NOTES 345“Schizophrenia is not di
- Page 358 and 359: NOTES 34748 Bagley, C., “The soci
- Page 360 and 361: NOTES 34979 ni Nuallain, M., O’Ha
- Page 362 and 363: NOTES 3514 Kapur, S. and Seeman, P.
- Page 364 and 365: NOTES 35327 Pasamanick, B., Scarpet
- Page 366 and 367: NOTES 355Archives of General Psychi
- Page 368 and 369: NOTES 357“Prognostic factors in r
- Page 370 and 371: NOTES 359Chandler, D., Meisel, J.,
- Page 372 and 373: 30, 1978; Moffit, R., “The econom
- Page 374 and 375: NOTES 36312 Stein, L.I. and Test, M
- Page 378 and 379: NOTES 367European Psychiatry, 15:26
- Page 380 and 381: BibliographySTUDIES OF THE OUTCOME
- Page 382 and 383: BIBLIOGRAPHY 371Horowitz, W.A. and
- Page 384 and 385: BIBLIOGRAPHY 373Salokangas, R.K.R.,
- Page 386 and 387: AUTHOR INDEX 375Dunham, Warren 31Du
- Page 388 and 389: AUTHOR INDEX 377Urquhart, M.C. 129n
- Page 390 and 391: SUBJECT INDEX 379atypical 20;compan
- Page 392 and 393: SUBJECT INDEX 381CESP see Carer Edu
- Page 394 and 395: SUBJECT INDEX 383disability pension
- Page 396 and 397: SUBJECT INDEX 385diagnosis of 148;d
- Page 398 and 399: SUBJECT INDEX 387Isle of Wight 33is
- Page 400 and 401: SUBJECT INDEX 389Middlesex, Hanwell
- Page 402 and 403: SUBJECT INDEX 391PACE see Personal
- Page 404 and 405: SUBJECT INDEX 393economic condition
- Page 406 and 407: SUBJECT INDEX 395self-employment 15
- Page 408 and 409: SUBJECT INDEX 397symbolic thinking
- Page 410: SUBJECT INDEX 399volition disturban