NOTES 34979 ni Nuallain, M., O’Hare, A. and Walsh, W., “Incidence of schizophrenia inIreland,” Psychological Medicine, 17:943–8, 1987.80 Häfner, H. and Gattaz, W.F., “Is schizophrenia disappearing?” European Archives of<strong>Psychiatry</strong> and Clinical Neuroscience, 240:374–6, 1991.81 “Relationships between aging and schizophrenia now being studied,” Clinical<strong>Psychiatry</strong> News, September, 1982, pp. 1, 24; Strauss, J.S. and Carpenter, W.T.,<strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, New York: Plenum, 1981, p. 73.82 US Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to1970, Washington, DC: 1975, Series D 29–41, p. 131 and Series D 87– 101, p. 135.83 US Bureau of the Census, Social Indicators 1976, Washington, DC: 1977, Table 8/ 5,pp. 372–3.84 Seeman, M.V. and Lang, M., “The role of estrogens in schizophrenia genderdifferences,” <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Bulletin, 16:185–94, 1990; Szymanski, S., Lieberman,J.A., Alvir, J.M. et al., “Gender differences in onset of illness, treatment response,course, and biologic indexes in first-episode schizophrenic patients,” AmericanJournal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 152:698–703, 1995.85 Gottesman, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Genesis.86 Bennedsen, B.E., Mortensen, P.B., Olesen, A.V. and Henriksen, T.B., “Pretermbirth and intra-uterine growth retardation among children of women withschizophrenia,” British Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 175:239–45, 1999; Sacker, A., Done,D.J. and Crow, T.J., “Obstetric complications in children born to parents withschizophrenia: A meta-analysis of case-control studies,” Psychological Medicine, 26:279–87, 1996.87 Kelly, R.H., Danielsen, B.H., Golding, J.M. et al., “Adequacy of prenatal careamong women with psychiatric diagnoses giving birth in California in 1994 and1995,” Psychiatric Services, 50:1584–90, 1999.88 Miller, W.H.J., Bloom, J.D. and Resnick, M.P, “Prenatal care for pregnant chronicmentally ill patients,” Hospital and Community <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 43:942–3, 1992.89 Sacker, “Obstetric complications in children born to parents with schizophrenia.”90 Marcelis, M., van Os, J., Sham, P. et al., “Obstetric complications and familial morbidrisk of psychiatric disorders,” American Journal of Medical Genetics, 81: 29–36, 1998.91 Burr, W.A., Falek, A., Strauss, L.T. et al., “Fertility in psychiatric outpatients,”Hospital and Community <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 30:527–31, 1979; Gottesman, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>Genesis.92 Kelly, “Adequacy of prenatal care among women with psychiatric diagnoses.”93 Racine, A., Joyce, T. and <strong>And</strong>erson, R., “The association between prenatal careand birth weight among women exposed to cocaine in New York City,” Journal ofthe American Medical Association, 270:1581–6, 1993.94 MacGregor, S.N., Keith, L.G., Bachicha, J.A. et al., “Cocaine abuse duringpregnancy: Correlation between prenatal care and perinatal outcome,” AmericanJournal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 74:882–5, 1989.95 Zuckerman, B., Frank, D.A., Hingson, R. et al., “Effects of maternal marijuana andcocaine use on fetal growth,” New England Journal of Medicine, 320:762–8, 1989.96 Geddes and Lawrie, “Obstetric complications and schizophrenia;” Geddes,“<strong>Schizophrenia</strong> and complications of pregnancy and labor.”97 Gottesman, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Genesis.98 Hu, T.-W., Hargreaves, W.A. and Shumway, M., “Estimating costs ofschizophrenia and its treatment,” in M.Moscarelli, A.Rupp, and N.Sartorius (eds),
350 NOTESHandbook of Mental Health Economics and Health Policy: Volume 1: <strong>Schizophrenia</strong>, NewYork: John Wiley, pp. 359–71, 1996.99 Gottesman, <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Genesis.100 Goode, E., “Doctors try a bold move against schizophrenia,” New York Times, pp.D1 & D6, December 7, 1999.101 Lieberman, J.A., “Importance of early diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia,”NARSAD Research Newsletter, 11:4–6, 1999.102 Jablensky, A., “Prevalence and incidence of schizophrenia spectrum disorders:Implications for prevention,” Australian and New Zealand Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 34(supplement): S26–34, 2000.103 Klosterkötter, J., Hellmich, M., Steinmeyer, E.M. and Schultze-Lutter, F.,“Diagnosing schizophrenia in the initial prodromal phase,” Archives of General<strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 58:158–64, 2001.104 Warner, R., “The prevention of schizophrenia: What interventions are safe andeffective?” <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Bulletin, 27:551–62, 2001.105 Phillips, L.J., Yung, A.R. and McGorry, P.D., “Identification of young people atrisk of psychosis: Validation of Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation clinicintake criteria,” Australian and New Zealand Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 34 (supplement):S164–9, 2000; McGorry, P.D. and Edwards, J.E., “Response to The prevention ofschizophrenia: What interventions are safe and effective?’” <strong>Schizophrenia</strong> Bulletin, 28:177–80, 2002.106 Carr, V., Halpin, S., Lau, N. et al., “A risk factor screening and assessment protocolfor schizophrenia and related psychosis,” Australian and New Zealand Journal of<strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 34 (supplement): S170–80, 2000.107 McGorry, P.D. and Jackson, H.J., The Recognition and Management of Early Psychosis,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.108 Goode, “Doctors try a bold move against schizophrenia.”109 Falloon, I., “Early intervention for first episodes of schizophrenia: A preliminaryexploration,” <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 55:4–15, 1992.110 McGorry, P.D., “The nature of schizophrenia: Signposts to prevention,” Australianand New Zealand Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 34 (supplement): 814–21, 2000.10ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS:USE, ABUSE AND NON-USE1 Davis, J.M., “Antipsychotic drugs,” in H.I.Kaplan, A.M.Freedman and B.J. Sadock(eds), Comprehensive Textbook in <strong>Psychiatry</strong>—III, Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins,1981, p. 2257.2 Gardos, G. and Cole, J.O., “Maintenance antipsychotic therapy: Is the cure worsethan the disease?” American Journal of <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 133:32–6, 1976.3 Kane, J.M., Honigfeld, G., Singer, J., Meltzer, H.Y. and the Clozaril CollaborativeGroup, “Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic,” Archives of General<strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 45:789–96, 1988; Fleischhacker, W.W., “Clozapine: A comparison withother novel antipsychotics,” Journal of Clinical <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 60 (supplement 12): 30–4,1999; Sartorius, N., Fleischhacker, W.W., Gjerris, A. et al., “The usefulness of thesecond-generation antipsychotic medications,” Current Opinion in <strong>Psychiatry</strong>, 15(supplement 1): S7–16, 2002.
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Recovery from SchizophreniaRecovery
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First edition published 1985by Rout
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ContentsAcknowledgments viIntroduct
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devotion to excellence in creating
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ixA NOTE ON THEORYThe materialist t
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Part IBackground
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 3WHAT IS SCH
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 13publicatio
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? 21Brain stru
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Chapter 2Health, illness and the ec
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Part IIThe political economy of sch
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RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 71Table
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Table 3.3 Recovery rates in the USA
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RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 77the l
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RECOVERY FROM SCHIZOPHRENIA 79Table
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25 patients, and on the more distur
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Chapter 6Labor, poverty and schizop
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THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SCHIZOPHRE
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Chapter 9The incidence of schizophr
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Part IIITreatment
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ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS: USE, ABUSE AND
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TREATMENT 247indicated, unemploymen
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TREATMENT 249success, for the lodge
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TREATMENT 251vocational programming
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TREATMENT 253the job is permanent.
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TREATMENT 267Table 12.1 Living situ
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TREATMENT 281interest loans and gra
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TREATMENT 283individual’s goals s
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TREATMENT 285Cognitive therapy, it
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TREATMENT 287Table 12.2 Facts about
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TREATMENT 289consumers and professi
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TREATMENT 291definitively not part
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FIGHTING STIGMAAlthough the mentall
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TREATMENT 295The National Alliance
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TREATMENT 297other medical disorder
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- Page 386 and 387: AUTHOR INDEX 375Dunham, Warren 31Du
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SUBJECT INDEX 399volition disturban