Recovery From Schizophrenia: Psychiatry And Political Economy

132 Robinson, J.R and Shaver, P.R., Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes, AnnArbor, Michigan: Institute for Social Research, 1969, p. 249.133 Fromkin, K.R. “Gender differences among chronic schizophrenics in the perceivedhelpfulness of community-based treatment programs,” unpublished doctoraldissertation, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, 1985.134 Robinson and Shaver, Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes, p. 271.135 Safer, D.J., “Substance abuse by young adult chronic patients,” Hospital andCommunity Psychiatry, 38:853–8, 1985; Atkinson, R.M., “Importance of alcohol anddrug abuse in psychiatric emergencies,” California Medicine, 118:1–4 1973.136 Warner, R., Taylor, D., Wright, J. et al, “Substance use among the mentally ill:Prevalence, reasons for use and effects on illness,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,64:465–76, 1994.137 Henry, J., Culture Against Man, New York: Random House, 1964.138 Berreman, G.D., “Structure and function of caste systems,” in G.DeVos and H.Wagatsuma (eds), Japan’s Invisible Race: Caste in Culture and Personality, Berkeley,California: University of California Press, 1972, pp. 277–307. The reference is to p.288.139 Harris, M., Culture, Man, and Nature, New York: Thomas Y.Crowell, 1971, ch. 18.9THE INCIDENCE OF SCHIZOPHRENIANOTES 3431 Barker, D.J.P, “Rise and fall of Western diseases,” Nature, 338:371–2, 1989.2 Barker, D.J.P and Phillips, D.I.W., Lancet, ii: 567–70, 1984, cited in Barker, “Riseand fall of Western diseases.”3 Kraepelin, E., Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia, Edinburgh: Livingstone, 1927, p.1145.4 Warner, R. and de Girolamo, G., Epidemiology of Mental Health and PsychosocialProblems: Schizophrenia, Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995, Chapter 3.5 Ibid.6 Torrey, E.F., Schizophrenia and Civilization, New York: Jason Aronson, 1980.7 Jeste, D.V., Carman, R., Lohr, J.B. and Wyatt, R.J. “Did schizophrenia exist beforethe eighteenth century?” Comprehensive Psychiatry, 26:493–503, 1985; Ellard, J. “Didschizophrenia exist before the eighteenth century?” Australia and New Zealand Journalof Psychiatry, 21:306–14, 1987.8 Jeste, “Schizophrenia before the eighteenth century.”9 Ellard, “Schizophrenia before the eighteenth century.”10 Hare, E., “Was insanity on the increase?” British Journal of Psychiatry, 142:439– 5,1983.11 Scull, A., Museums of Madness: The Social Organization of Insanity in Nineteenth-Century England, London: Allen Lane, 1979, p. 225.12 Tuke, D.H., “Increase in insanity in Ireland,” Journal of Mental Science” 40: 549–58,1894.13 Hare, “Was insanity on the increase?”14 Hare, E., “Schizophrenia as a recent disease,” British Journal of Psychiatry, 153: 521–31, 1988.