Recovery From Schizophrenia: Psychiatry And Political Economy

356 NOTES69 Feldman, P.E., “An analysis of the efficacy of diazepam,” Journal of Neuropsychiatry,3, supplement 1: S62–7, 1962; Pignatoro, F.P., “Experience with chemotherapy inrefractory psychiatric disorders,” Current Therapeutic Research, 4: 389–98, 1962;Maculans, G.A., “Comparison of diazepam, chlorprothixene and chlorpromazine inchronic schizophrenic patients,” Diseases of the Nervous System, 25:164–8, 1964;Kramer, J.C., “Treatment of chronic hallucinations with diazepam andphenothiazines,” Diseases of the Nervous System, 28:593–4, 1967; Irvine, B.M. andSchaecter, F., “‘Valium’ in the treatment of schizophrenia,” Medical Journal ofAustralia, i: 1387, 1969; Trabucchi, M. and Ba., G., “Are benzodiazepines anantipsychotic agent,” Southern Medical Journal, 72:636, 1979; Ansari, J.M.A.,“Lorazepam in the control of acute psychotic symptoms and its comparison withflupenthixol,” in E.Usdin, H.Eckert and I.S.Forrest (eds), Phenothiazines andStructurally Related Drugs, New York: Elsevier/ North-Holland, 1980; Beckman, H.and Haas, S., “High-dose diazepam in schizophrenia,” Psychopharmacology, 71:70–82, 1980; Lingjaerde, O., “Effect of the benzodiazepine derivative estazolam inpatients with auditory hallucinations: A multicentre double-blind cross-over study,”Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 65: 339–54, 1982; “Diazepam shown to reduce manyschizophrenic symptoms,” Psychiatric News, August 20, 1982; Haas, S., Emrich, H.M.and Beckmann, H., “Analgesic and euphoric effects of high-dose diazepam inschizophrenia,” Neuropsychobiology, 8:123–8, 1982. Several similar studies are listedin the review article—Nestoros, “Benzodiazepines in schizophrenia,”—whichdraws the conclusion that benzodiazepines have generally positive effects inschizophrenia.70 The following studies yield equivocal results: Hollister, L.E., Bennett, J.L., Kimbell,I. et al., “Diazepam in newly admitted schizophrenics,” Diseases of the NervousSystem, 24:746–50, 1963; Kellner, R., Wilson, R.M., Muldawer, M.D. and Pathak,D., “Anxiety in schizophrenia: The responses to chlordiazepoxide in an intensivedesign study,” Archives of General Psychiatry, 32:1246–54, 1975; Jimerson, D.C., VanKammen, D.P., Post, R.M. et al., “Diazepam in schizophrenia: A preliminarydouble-blind trial,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 139:489–91, 1982. Clearlynegative results are reported in: Lehmann, H.E. and Ban, T.A., “Notes from thelog-book of a psychopharmacological research unit II,” Canadian PsychiatricAssociation Journal, 9:111–13, 1964; Weizman, A., Weizman, S., Tyano, S. et al.,“The biphasic effect of gradually increased doses of diazepam on prolactin secretionin acute schizophrenic patients,” Israeli Annals of Psychiatry, 17:233–40, 1979;Ruskin, P., Averbukh, I., Belmaker, R.H. and Dasberg, H., “Benzodiazepines inchronic schizophrenia,” Biological Psychiatry, 14:557–8, 1979; Karson, C.N.,Weinberger, D.R., Bidelow, L. and Wyatt, R.J., “Clonazepam treatment of chronicschizophrenia: Negative results in a double-blind, placebocontrolled trial,” AmericanJournal of Psychiatry, 139:1627–8, 1982. For a generally negative review of the valueof the benzodiazepines in schizophrenia, see Greenblatt, D.J. and Shader, R.I.,Benzodiazepines in Clinical Practice, New York: Raven Press, 1974, ch. 4.71 Beckman and Haas, “High-dose diazepam in schizophrenia;” Feldman, “Theefficacy of diazepam;” Maculan, “Diazepam in chronic schizophrenic patients;” and“Diazepam shown to reduce many schizophrenic symptoms,” Psychiatric News,August 20, 1982.72 Phillips, L., “Case history data and prognosis in schizophrenia,” Journal of Ner-vousand Mental Disease, 117:515–25, 1953; Stephens, J.H., Astrup, C. and Mangrum, J.C.,