Recovery From Schizophrenia: Psychiatry And Political Economy

NOTES 32729 For positive evaluations of the efficacy of psychosocial treatment and communitysupport systems see Mosher, L.R. and Keith, S.J., “Psychosocialtreatment: Individual, group, family, and community support approaches,”Schizophrenia Bulletin, 6:11–41, 1980; Stein, L.I. and Test, M.A., “Alternative tomental hospital treatment: I. Conceptual model, treatment program, and clinicalevaluation,” Archives of General Psychiatry, 37:392–7, 1980; Weisbrod, B.A., Test,M.A. and Stein, L.I., “Alternative to mental hospital treatment: II. Economicbenefit-cost analysis,” Archives of General Psychiatry, 37:400–51, 1980; Test, M.A.and Stein, L.I., “Alternative to mental hospital treatment: III. Social cost,” Archives ofGen-eral Psychiatry, 37:409–12, 1980; Pasamanick, G., Scarpitti, F. and Dinitz, S.,Schizophrenics in the Community: An Experimental Study in the Prevention ofHospitalization, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967; Mosher, L.R., Menn,A.Z. and Methews, S., “Soteria: Evaluation of a home-based treatment forschizophrenia,” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 45:455–69, 1975; Polak, P.R.and Kirby, M.W., “A model to replace psychiatric hospitals,” Journal of Nervous andMental Disease, 162:13–22, 1976.30 Aronson, E., The Social Animal, 2nd edn, San Francisco: W.H.Freeman, 1976, pp.186–9.31 Clark, Social Therapy in Psychiatry, ch. 2.32 Carstairs, G.M., “Advances in psychological medicine,” Practitioner, Symposium onAdvances in Treatment, 187:495–504, 1961. Quoted in Jones, K., A History of theMental Health Services, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972, p. 292.33 Star, S., “The public’s idea of mental illness,” presented at National Association forMental Health meeting, Chicago, Illinois, November 1955; Cumming, E. andCumming, J., Closed Ranks: An Experiment in Mental Health Education, Cambridge,Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1957; Nunally, J.C., Popular Conceptions ofMental Health, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1961.34 Lemkau, P.V. and Crocetti, G.M., “An urban population’s opinion and knowledgeabout mental illness,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 118:692–700, 1962; Meyer.J.K., “Attitudes towards mental illness in a Maryland community,” Public HealthReports, 79:769–72, 1964.35 D’Arcy, C. and Brockman, J., “Changing public recognition of psychiatricsymptoms? Blackfoot revisited,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 17:302–10,1976; Olmsted, D.W. and Durham, K., “Stability of mental health attitudes: Asemantic differential study,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 17:35–44, 1976.36 See Chapter 10 of Warner, R. The Environment of Schizophrenia: Innovations inPractice, Policy and Communications, London: Brunner-Routledge, 2000.37 Jones, History of Mental Health Services, p. 291.38 Ibid., pp. 283, 289–91, 304.39 Dickens, D., American Notes for General Circulation, Harmondsworth, Middlesex:Penguin, 1972, first published 1842, p. 100.40 Clark, Social Therapy in Psychiatry, p. 21.41 Brenner, Mental Illness and the Economy, pp. 170–2.42 Thurnam, J., Observations and Essays on the Statistics of Insanity, London: Simpkin,Marshall, 1845; reprint edn, New York, Arno Press, 1976, p. 27.43 Ödegard, Ö., “Statistical study of factors influencing discharge from psychiatrichospitals,” Journal of Mental Science, 106:1124–33, 1960.