Recovery From Schizophrenia: Psychiatry And Political Economy

324 NOTES77 Rothman, Discovery of the Asylum, p. 277.78 Ibid., p. 151.79 Dain, N., Disordered Minds: The First Century of Eastern State Hospital in Williamsburg,Virginia 1766–1866, Williamsburg, Virginia: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation,1971, pp. 66, 107.80 The Boston Prison Discipline Society report. Quoted in Dain, Disordered Minds, p.62.81 Dain, Disordered Minds, pp. 43, 127.82 Grob, G.N., Mental Institutions in America: Social Policy to 1875, New York: Free Press,1973, p. 392.83 Rothman, Discovery of the Asylum, pp. 144–51; Dain, N., Concepts of Insanity in theUnited States, 1789–1865, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press,p. 128.84 Bockoven, J.S., “Moral treatment in American Psychiatry,” Journal of Nervous andMental Disease, 124:167–94, 292–321, 1956, p. 181.85 Thurnam, Statistics of Insanity, Table 16.86 Rothman, Discovery of the Asylum, p. 149.87 Dickens, D., American Notes for General Circulation, Harmondsworth, Middlesex:Penguin, 1972, p. 97.88 Ibid., p. 122.89 Ibid., p. 140.90 Dickens and Wills, “A curious dance,” pp. 386–91.91 Dickens, American Notes, p. 141.92 Rothman, Discovery of the Asylum, p. 283.93 Ibid., pp. 144–6.94 Caplan, Psychiatry and the Community, p. 43.95 Ibid., pp. 37–8; Grob, Mental Institutions in America, p. 179.96 Hall, B., Travels in North America in the Years 1827 and 1828, Edinburgh: Cadell,1829. Quoted in Bromberg, W., From Shaman to Psychotherapist: A History of theTreatment of Mental Illness, Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1975, p. 124; and cited inCaplan, Psychiatry and the Community, p. 90; and in Tourney, G, “A history oftherapeutic fashions in psychiatry, 1800–1966,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 124:784–96, 1967. According to Scull in “Discovery of the Asylum Revisited,” p. 164,E.S.Abdy made similar remarks in his Journal of a Residence and Tour in the UnitedStates of North America, London: Murray, 1835.97 Bromberg, Shaman to Psychotherapist, p. 125.98 Quoted in Bromberg, Shaman to Psychotherapist, p. 125.99 Deutsch, A., The Mentally Ill in America, New York: Columbia University Press,1949, ch. 11.100 See Caplan, Psychiatry and the Community, pp. 90–1 for a detailed list of the flaws inthe recovery statistics.101 Bromberg, Shaman to Psychotherapist, p. 124; Parry-Jones, Trade in Lunacy, pp. 202–5.102 Thurnam, Statistics of Insanity, p. 57.103 Ibid., Table 6.104 Pliny Earle published his views on the curability of insanity as an article in 1876, andlater in book form: The Curability of Insanity: A Series of Studies, Philadelphia:Lippincott, 1887. See Rothman, Discovery of the Asylum, p. 268; Caplan, Psychiatryand the Community, p. 93; Bromberg, Shaman to Psychotherapist, p. 126.